Targeting radar on the S-300 can turn and choose a driection ,but on hte patriot the missile can't.
I don't want to start to calculate the loss of the range because the patriot has to shoot backward, but I can assume it could easly be in the half range. And speed. And dramatically reduced killzone.
In the canister of the patriot the main engine ignited, it accelerate with 13-20g for 12 sec.
acceleration length is 10 km ish.
It hasn't got too much space for turning. Addiitonaly, best part of the patriot missiles hasn't got thrust vector control , means the missile has to accelerate to a high speed to start to turn.
View attachment 112800
Only the PAC-2 GEM has thrust vector control.
Compare it to S-300
View attachment 112801
All of them has thrust vector control.
There can be missile/topographical / engagement confuguration when the launcher could be way off from the radar, but it is more likelly rare exception, than an usable feature.
Radar has to see the missile , missile has to see the radar and target, and it is true for 90% of the possible targets.
We still scratch the surfce, but the backwardness of the latest patriot is quite visible compared to the oldest S-300 systems.
The main characteristic of the patriot is the cheapness and to achieve it they made endless compromise.