I think the SAA's collapse can be mostly explained by the brutal sanctions imposed on them. They simply couldn't pay their soldiers in recent years and they've demobilised large parts of their army. The SAA was a husk of its former self. In addition, the US illegally occupies one third of Syria (where the oil and the wheat is). The Syrian govt is simply at the brink of collapse. Meanwhile, the jihadists get unlimited money and equipment from Turkey/Israel/US. Most folks don't realise how bad the Syria sanctions got. Venezuela-tier.
There aren't any international sanctions on Syria though.
Loss of oil fields/productive areas are a valid excuse. Imho Assad probably did a lot of sitting around also though.
Still, the lack of a response from Russia early on is a major puzzle. And even now, Putin seems reticent to do a repeat of his last intervention. What Syria needs is a major alternative to the Western financial system, but there is none. The BRICS don't have anything. And even China is not willing to break Western financial sanctions on Russia,
What are you talking about? Record import/export numbers and Russian economy growing faster than any EU country.
Russia and EU have mutual sanctions on eachother but if your claim is "China is not willing to break Western financial sanctions on Russia", then isn't the even worse situation in EU more indicative that "China is not willing to break Russian financial sanctions on EU?".
In reality, the simple answer is that China still conducts business with both parties because neither have any ability to affect who or what China trades with.
so why would they extend a hand to Syria? Russia itself seems tired of Assad.
The situation looks very grim. If Syria splinters into different thiefdoms, then the supply line from Iran to Lebanon is gone. That would crush Hezbollah's chance to rearm. Southern Lebanon could soon look like Gaza and perhaps even be settled by Israelis. Who will stop them?
There's also a clear risk of another refugee wave to Europe, but this time there's no Merkel to welcome them in. We could see unspeakable crimes on the border if push comes to shove. And the final collapse of the liberal govts who are left on the continent.
That's not a disadvantage. NATO will be weakened.
This might also suit Netanyahu, who knows the far-right will not raise a protest when he ethnicially cleanses Gaza and perhaps even the West Bank.
Well that's a "kill the goose to get the egg" scenario then, NATO is much stronger when they can field their liberal "democracy" bullshit, without that they're devolving more and more into dictatorship everyone laughs at, like Ukraine has become.
The key lesson here is that the so-called "Axis of resistance" is actually very weak.
Neither Russia nor China nor even Syria is in the Axis of resistance. The resistance is a good thing because they fight US, but if it is possible to mobilise more people in a more efficient way, wouldn't that be better? The highest goal for China is to deny, destroy and delay US operations, soldiers, equipment and resource theft in the middle east.
Imho if Assad just plans to retreat despite owning the skies, and the Syrian people are weary of fighting under a secular government, then maybe this isnt the best use of energy. China must not do with Syria like US did with the Shah and lose a piece of the middle east.