Looks like Lula has finally got Bolsanaro cornered.Four of his aids have been already arrested for insurrection and search warrants issued for for Bolsanaro FMs and generals. Political support from voters also drying up. Big win against the US-backed far right in South America.
Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and Global South strategic cooperation
- Thread starter Strangelove
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The question in aeronautic industry is the next. Every change you do needs to be certify with many test.
Even if components are made in China, if they are joint ventures for sure some pieces of the components made in China come from outside, from the companies participating in the Joint Venture.
Imagine for example that the APU is made in China, by joint venture with France. Maybe 80% of the components and the APU it self is done in China but 20% will come from France.
If you stop receiving that 20% you need to create a similar part, and then certify it.
This can takes several years. From 2 to 5 or even more if we talk of engines.
I have no actual data from the pieces that made COMAC. Maybe China achieved to force western companies to manufacture literally everything in China, but I doubt it.
The degree of localization is supposed to increase as the program advances. For example with the landing gear for ARJ-21 initially they just assembled it in China with parts which came from Liebherr. But now it includes forged parts made in China proper.
China BRI investment in Indonesia is just begining to mature and already :
It seems the Albanese government has been caught almost completely flat-footed:
The success of these Chinese infrastructure investments sends a strong signal to Indonesia's upcoming new leadership and the rest of ASEAN. China is also going to be by far Indonesia's biggest nickel customer going forward. Australia will, as usual, suffer for their lack of foresight, and Australian-Indonesian trade relations will worsen.
It seems the Albanese government has been caught almost completely flat-footed:
The success of these Chinese infrastructure investments sends a strong signal to Indonesia's upcoming new leadership and the rest of ASEAN. China is also going to be by far Indonesia's biggest nickel customer going forward. Australia will, as usual, suffer for their lack of foresight, and Australian-Indonesian trade relations will worsen.
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If I were right wing Australian government, I would bash Indonesia instead of china. Too bad right wing Australia has no say about it and will keep bashing china instead.
You misunderstand aircraft certification. The certification is to the aircraft as a whole, NOT related to components UNLESS changing that component changes the performance and flight characteristics. Also certification of C919 is conducted by CAAC, so it is purely based on technical merit, no political influence from foreigning countries.
Engine isn't necessarily taking longer time than anything else. Certification is a procedure that manufacturer provides data from their mandated tests to the authority for review. The authority is not going to re-run thoses tests somewhere else on their own test rig. Those tests for CJ-1000 are being conducted by AECC and observed by CAAC as we speak. When AECC has successfully completed the tests, it is only paper work of few months.
Certification process is parallel work with later phase of development (robustness and endurance tests).
Very likely China did not do that "everything" because there is no such need. Once again, it is the aircraft to be certified not the component. A bad example is Boeing 737 MAX, its change of engine location relative to the wing changed flying characteristics that warrent re-certification as a new type, but Boeing "compansated the change" with MCAS and FAA accepted that "no change in flying characteristics". It is a cheating and I believe CAAC won't do the same. But the example does tell you that certification of a type is NOT related to components, not in protocol and procedure.
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I think Afghanistan is the one most mentioned here but Iran would make sense too. The rationale is using the link between China and Pakistan to transport metals from Iran and Afghanistan in China.