As it stands, we know this.
The Liaoning is performing more and more aircraft flight operations at sea.
The second carrier is building and well along in its fabrication.
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The Chinese are building more and more J-15s to use on the Liaoning and then on 001A. They continue to put pilots through their land based facility.
China has made a huge investment in their carrier program and they are showing all of the signs of efficiently executing a plan to bring it forward and make it a reality.
I expect, in the 2020s, that we will ultimately see four PLAN carriers in service before the end of that decade...and probably a fifth building.
THis, along with all of the other vessels to escort them, along with all of the other AOR, Amphibiuos assault vessels, FFGs, DDGs, etc, will make them the unquestioned second largest and most powerful Navy in the world....nd they will have done it in basically a 25 year period.
That's pretty phenominal.
This is a fair assessment of the state-of-affairs of Chinese carrier program.
Let's all remember that China started from practical nothing to build and development their carrier program, without outside help. But they're building a foundation for very large carrier program, far more ambitious than all other countries outside the US, in long term. These have and will have implications on how they approach their carrier program.
There is no immediate need for a Chinese CVG in the short- to medium- term; in other words, in any contingencies that potentially involves China in next decade, China either does not need it or one or two CVGs do not make much of differences.
As such, the PLAN has clearly stated that Liaoning's main purposes are "training and scientific experiments." China's vision for their carrier program clearly is not like Russia's or France's, or for that matter that India's can or can afford for a long time to come; 001, 001A, and even 002 will only be the intermediate stage towards a truly global, blue-water navy. Let's be honest, the only navy that the PLAN tries to emulate is the USN.
Therefore, the Chinese carrier program will proceed in a very methodical way, to ensure they achieve their long-term goals timely and smoothly.
My predictions of the program, based on what we've seen so far of the program, the related subsystems development programs (nuclear reactor, cataplut etc.) and other naval programs:
001 will be fully operational before or in 2019, and 001A will be commissioned roughly the same time. 10.1.2019 is the 70th anniversary of the founding of the PRC.
002 will be conventional-powered CATOBAR carrier, commissioned around 2022 - 2023, roughly the time Xi Jinping's administration will be out of the office. I believe there will be another, same class carrier will be built (the 4th) with incremental improvements.
003 will be nuclear-powered CATOBAR carrier, likely to be China's Nimitz rather than its Ford class. The target commission date might be 2029, the 80th anniversary of the founding of the PRC, although there are more uncertainties since it's still far out in the future. I also believe that the 6th carrier in the same class with incremental improvements (e.g. EMALS) may also start to be built, likely before 2030.
So, all told, I think there will be five or six Chinese carriers commissioned or launched before 2030. I don't believe the Chinese has specific plans beyond 003 class, but I also don't think they will stop at 003.
Of course, in the end only time will tell. But it's fun to watch the progress and development of China's carrier program. I know I do.