The lack of a catapult is really a limitation for the Liaoning. I never seen a Flanker take off from her deck with more than 4 ordinance. Two small rockets on the side (PL-5?) and 2 PL-12 or 2 small bombs. For air to air missions the Flankers should take off with at least 6 to 8 AAM missile's and for anti shipping missions it should take off with at least 2 YJ-83 missile's and 2 AAM missile's for self protection. The YJ-83 load are heavier so i expect those planes to take off from the back position and with 6 to 8 AAM missile's they should be able to take off from the front. That we haven't seen it happen in the few seconds of videos it doesn't mean it didn't happen or that they can't. But it will be nice to have some conformation that they can.
The Russian videos are no better they usually just show them taking off with 2 AAM missile's from the Admiral Kuznetsov. Once again based on that few seconds of video is hard to judge their real capabilities. I have seen a video with the MiG-29K take off with a quite a heavy load from the INS Vikramaditya.
According to pb19980515 on CJDBY:
歼15 9吨内油还可以挂5吨弹药。 对海 鹰击83K 5枚 两格斗弹 3.7吨左右。 对地 500公斤激光制导炸弹6枚或者憋版JDMA或者KD88A 两枚格斗弹 3.5吨 空战8枚PL12C加4枚PL10 3吨。这些是195米起飞点挂载能力。
1 . 2 号起飞点 7.5吨内油 6枚霹雳12C 4枚霹雳10 2吨多一点。。。。。
这是飞出来的数据。
至于9吨内油 5吨弹药挂载,只飞了两三次。。。具体什么挂载 先不说了
Translation:
The J-15 can carry 9 tons of internal fuel with 5 tons of ordnance.
- Anti-Shipping: 5 x YJ-83K, 2 x AAM (PL-8?) (Approx. 3.7 tons load-out)
- Anti-Surface: 6 x 500 KG LGB or JDMA or KD88A, 2 x AAM (Approx. 3.5 tons load-out)
- Air-to-Air: 8 x PL12C, 4 x PL-10 (Approx. 3 tons load-out)
From the secondary launch position the J-15 can carry 7.5 tons of internal fuel, 6 x PL-12C, 4 x PL-10. This is the carrying ability from the 195M launch position.
These were the data gathered from flight testing.
As for the 9 ton fuel + 5 ton ordnance load-out, it only flew 2~3 times. The specifics of what it was carrying we won't talk about for now.
--- End translation ---
This poster also said later that with the 9 ton fuel load-out, the J-15 remained flat at 60M above surface for 300M after take-off. He identifies himself as a member of the data-collection team that's on-board the Liaoning during some of the trials, including the recent SCS deployment.