Yes there is damage to ASML and others, but given the tiny share Chinese companies have in the Chinese market (~15%), they will manage. SMIC probably accounts for less than 5% of ASML’s revenue. It’s the long term growth that they will miss out on.
Not really. You're mixing up the semiconductor market share by Chinese companies with the semiconductor equipment market share. China is in the midst of building boom of semiconductor fabs. Its aggregate share of the equipment investment is much higher than the current corresponding semiconductor sales share. It's current share is something like 20+% (from my memory) and is likely to be largest in the world in a few years.
All of these are projected if the US government is not getting in the way, of course. If the US government is going to ban the sales of equipment to all the major Chinese semiconductor companies, the number will tumble. That's why all the equipment companies are very nervous now, and their trade associations, both the US and international, are appealing to the Trump administration.