My impression was that most of the startups actually don't have any issues with demand. Just like when Tesla was a startup, they are selling as many cars as they can make, but their ability to mass produce is not there yet.
So the perfect solution would be for them to do joint ventures with the state owned giants who have the production capacity. Nio and Xpeng are both using some contract manufacturing. Eventually, the startups should acquire the state owned brands. But consolidation of all the innovative startups would be very damaging, China should have at least as many major car brands as all G7 nations have together
That's true. A lot of the startups have more brand presence than decade old state-owned brands.
But there isn't much value for the startups to do joint ventures with these uncompetitive old SOEs. They should simply buy their factories. The factory usage of weak SOEs will get even worse. Not only are their domestic brands like Fengshen, Roewe, Wuling, Baojun, Chery, Exeed, Jetour, Beijing, Changhe all terrible, but now their joint ventures with Nissan, Honda, Toyota, VW, GM are all coming under attack by BYD. Dongfeng-Honda for example has seen massive drops, meaning SOEs now have a lot of excess factories. Startups can pick these up for cheap rather than building new factories.
My opinion: SOEs should divest all their weak brands into 1 new standalone SOE in order to combine all their domestic tech. The best example would be the three companies located on the Yangtze (Dongfeng, Chery, SAIC). Create a new holding company located in the middle (Nanjing maybe) and consolidate into maybe 2 brands (Chery for low end, MG for high end). The new company can pick and choose the best styling and technology from all the old different brands. It would also immediately become a company with global presence, unlike currently where Dongfeng, Chery, SAIC are all scattered across a handful of countries each.
Then the old SOEs will become purely joint-venture based companies, piggybacking off their joint ventures to make money. Everybody wins, the new consolidated SOE can become a competitive global player, the EV startups can get factories for cheap, the old SOEs become leaner companies concentrating on joint ventures without bleeding cash from uncompetitive domestic brands.