Just a quick comment on size of economy, IMO the world ranking in 2010's will probably be EU #1, US #2, China #3, and Japan #4. (Western EU countries are lumped into Eurozone). Everyone under it will be significantly smaller in size (of economy).
Realistically, I don't expect China's economy to surpass the US until mid century. Militarily, I have a feeling that the Europeans are going to give it their best shot to reclaim technological superiority from the Americans in this century.
Prior to WWI, most scholars predicted that Europe would continue in its political structure of the time, well into the 20th century. WWI and WWII completely blew that away. So it's probably not a good idea to always assume current trends to continue until end of 21st century.
Europeans? Unlikely, lets not even start about thier internal rivalry, but just look at the fact that there is absolutely no major military threat left that could threaten the Europeans today, which means no major motivation for expensive cuting edge high tech military program, military program cooperation are also limited between a few selected nations in different grps within the EU and rivalry are common, which means waste of resources and small scale investment as well as production.
The only 2 countries that have both the motivation as well as the capabilities(economic, industrial, technological and political) are the USA and the PRC today, so these are the only 2 nations I expect to be able to become or continuie to be a military technological superpower into the next centry, only possible nation to catch up are the India, but currently it still lack the industrial base for that.