Chinese Soft Power and Media Discussion and Updates

luosifen

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Soft power as defined in Chinese:

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软权力​

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约瑟夫·奈提出的概念

“软权力”概念的提出者
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的定义:它是一种“影响别人选择的能力,如有吸引力的
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、意识形态和制度”。事实上,软权力这个词语不仅适用于政治,更适用于商业和个人。约瑟夫·奈指出,有很多种影响他人行为的方式,既可以通过威胁和奖励他人,也可以通过吸引他人,来达到自己的目的。前者是运用“硬
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”,后者是施展“软权力”。“硬权力”指的是通常同诸如军事和经济力量那样的具体资源相关的“硬性命令式权力”,“软权力”指的是与诸如文化、意识形态和制度等抽象资源相关的、决定他人偏好的“软性同化式权力”。




中文名 软权力 提出者 约瑟夫·奈 来 源 树立鲜明的个性等 适用于 政治,更适用于商业和个人

There's more in the link that expands on details.

Also, publications about soft power from China:

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China boosts soft power​


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) 10:47, October 21, 2017
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FOREIGN201710211046000352607225632.jpg

Sun Zhijun (right), deputy head of the Publicity Department of the CPC Central Committee, and Xiang Zhaolun (left), vice-minister of culture, answer questions at a news conference at the 19th CPC National Congress on Friday. EDMOND TANG/CHINA DAILY
China has achieved greater soft power by developing its cultural industries and promoting international cooperation, while the country has signed more than 300 agreements with nations participating in the Belt and Road Initiative, high-ranking officials said on Friday.
Sun Zhijun, deputy head of the Publicity Department of the Communist Party of China Central Committee, was one of four officials who spoke at a news conference at the 19th National Congress of the CPC on Friday. He said the country's cultural soft power has substantially increased since the 18th CPC National Congress in 2012, making vital contributions to the promotion of the causes of the Party and the nation.
China ranks first in publications, production and broadcasting of television dramas, and movie screens, Sun said.
A survey released in August by the Pew Research Center, showed that China can compete with the United States to be a more favored nation. Sun said such surveys demonstrated that China's overall international influence is getting stronger.
According to the Ministry of Culture, China has signed agreements with 157 countries and regions. China has established 30 overseas cultural centers, attracting around 10 million visitors annually.
FOREIGN201710211046000563502992198.png

Xiang Zhaolun, vice-minister of culture, said China has signed more than 300 cooperative agreements and action plans on cultural exchanges with countries along the Belt and Road Initiative routes.
He said China has established multilateral mechanisms in cultural cooperation under the framework of the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, and through China's exchanges with Arabic and ASEAN countries.
"Belt and Road countries have long histories and are rich in cultural relics. We have worked with 15 countries in archaeological findings. Over the past few years, more than 1,000 relics had been displayed in over 20 of these countries," he said.
Zhang Hongsen, vice-minister of press, publication, radio, film and television, said China has signed agreements to make movies together with 20 countries, while the country has increasing exchanges in movies with the United States, as well as countries in Europe and Central Asia.
Soft power, consisting of attractiveness and influence, has been promoted by China's fast economic growth and increasingly competitive cultural industries in recent years, said Chen Shaofeng, vice-president of the Cultural Industry Research Institute at Peking University.
"Cultural centers, performances, popular TV series, movies and fast-growing internet businesses have made our country more attractive around the globe, especially in regions such as Southeast Asia," Chen said.

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tonyget

Senior Member
Registered Member
Of course; Chinese poor etiquette abroad and at home need to be criticized and addressed. Many Chinese people are criticizing this and the CCP is as well.

Many Chinese people are criticizing Chinese softpower and the CCP is as well. So is Chinese people and CCP's opinion relevant or not?
You have failed to even establish the existence of soft power. Instead, this just shows that you don't need people to like you; your hard power is all that matters. North Korea never recognized American hard power, "soft power," or anything. America didn't have to invade them (well, they couldn't cus the PLA stopped them with our hard power), but American because hegemon anyway because North Korea didn't ahve the hard power to matter. See? All hard power

Iran and Russia never recognized Western hard power,but Western softpower managed to infiltrate every corner in Iran and Russia
LOLOL YOU spoke. You said nobody knows this better than Chinese people. I am Chinese; you are not. You did this to yourself again. I never claimed anything but just watched you kick your own ass again.

You being Chinese don't mean anything,I can also find other Chinese who doesn't share views with you.
No, not at all, but I do see your illiteracy again. There's sanctions, informal sanctions, arming the enemy's enemy, so many things hard power can do but "soft power" cannot.

Even the US cannot sanction every entity who act against US interest.
Once again:
1. Chinese people need better etiquette; it's embarassing. It's not soft power to be able to conduct oneself without actively drawing hatred from those who see you.
2. Chinese people indeed need a strong cultural identity to prevent them from losing themselves. Pride eminates from hard power. If you teach someone his history to instill pride, if the country is strong, it will work. If it is weak, the response will be to forget about it; all of it got us nowhere.
3. It is a facade that Chinese rise is non-threatening when in fact the real flank is from hard power in technology, economics and military. No one ever worries about you if you don't have those 3 pillars working for you.
4. You rely on others' arguments because you are continuously defeated yourself. It doesn't matter who says it, whether it be someone from the CCP, or the guy who coined the term "soft power" or Xi Jinping himself. The points I have raised invalidate "soft power" as any power at all and they remain standing until they are logically defeated, NOT because a famous person, who is not here to debate me, has an apparently different opinion. If they were here, I would debate them the same way and I see nothing to disprove my points. You cannot escape this by relying on others. This is a debate and you are the only one facing me.

I can not find any Chinese think tank/scholar/intellectuals dismiss softpower,every study I can find is emphasize the importance of softpower. You're telling me that CCP/Xi/Chinese intellectuals are all idiots,you are the only smart guy in China,is that right?
Lions don't imagine what it's like to be sheep. Why everything you watche instantly brain-washes you will forever remain a mystery to the intelligent.

Intelligent people understand how others think,dumb people don't
Only if it makes sense, which is a far ways off for you.

Don't want lose face right?I get it
That's called money and power, none of which are soft. Don't be confused all the time. You can find Youtube clips of women together with guys who suffer extreme genetic disorders confusing everyone but exceptions don't break the common rule that generally, people find their mates who are of equal hard value (comprised by a combination of physical excellence, intellect, money, power, inherited power, etc...) to themselves. Every exception you find, I can point out 1,000 normal cases.

Doesn't invalidate my point,which is softpower can achieve same goal as hard power.
My faith is logic and it's clearly pointless for you to argue against it.

Some how I doubt it
I am. Keep providing the soft targets. Would like it if you can improve your skills but everyone has his limits.

That's what narcissists like to say
 

manqiangrexue

Brigadier
Many Chinese people are criticizing Chinese softpower and the CCP is as well. So is Chinese people and CCP's opinion relevant or not?
They are relevent but they need to be debated to separate the correct opinions from the wrong ones, especially when they conflict, which I am doing now. Either way, between you and I, I'm the only Chinese opinion.
Iran and Russia never recognized Western hard power,but Western softpower managed to infiltrate every corner in Iran and Russia
Yeah? Then why are both countries antagonistic to the West? Oh right, cus soft power is useless.
You being Chinese don't mean anything,I can also find other Chinese who doesn't share views with you.
Find them and I will debate them, and they will lose. Hopefully, they will do much better than you. But you are the one who said that "nobody knows better than Chinese people" and I am Chinese. You said it, not me.
Even the US cannot sanction every entity who act against US interest.
They do. For every country that is anti-US and actually produces results instead of bitch and moaning by itself in a corner, the US has sanctions on them.
I can not find any Chinese think tank/scholar/intellectuals dismiss softpower,every study I can find is emphasize the importance of softpower. You're telling me that CCP/Xi/Chinese intellectuals are all idiots,you are the only smart guy in China,is that right?
I'm telling you I'll beat every one who wants to debate me on this. You can't rely on other people to win an argument for you, sorry.
Intelligent people understand how others think,dumb people don't
Which is why you still can't grasp that tourism is just entertainment to people like me but still blurt out crap about poor brain-washed American pilgrims visiting Mexican Mecca for worship while I figured out that our differences are due to the irreconcilable gap between alpha and beta mentality.
Don't want lose face right?I get it
LOLOL You will never get Chinese people. Not our culture, not our sayings, not our spirit, no matter how desperately you try to comb through our language. Whenever a non-Chinese uses "lose face," I see another "China expert" like all those on TV for the last few decades being interviewed for why China's about to collapse.
Doesn't invalidate my point,which is softpower can achieve same goal as hard power.
All of human history and war invalidates that stupid point. Just saying that it's not invalidated does not defend it. You did not actually reply to my content that invalidates your point.
Some how I doubt it
Well, if you didn't doubt it, then you would be logical and capable of keeping up so of course you doubt it.
That's what narcissists like to say
Sorry but comparing oneself, as we inevitably do during an exchange, to extremely stupid people can turn regular people into narcissists, if only for a while.
 
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manqiangrexue

Brigadier
So quick to retract to personal attack mode,running out of argument?
Is it an attack to point out that you are illiterate calling others illiterate? I'm pointing out a fact. You read what I wrote, describing different reactions to the same thing, and you mistook that as one side not seeing these things. Thats... illiteracy. I say it like it is.
Companies and celebrities trade with the public, countries trade with each other. There is no difference.
You don't know the difference between a business, which has absolutely no hard power to make people patronize it, and countries that go to war over resources? This stupidity is why you get attacked.
Your analogy that the relationship between countries is like boxing is funny,because even Khabib and MacGregor cares about PR,did you know that?
They don't care about PR with each other; they act as they are themselves. That's alpha. Neither of them ever beta-ed themselves asking people to like them. MacGregor is an arrogant prick and Khabib is a devout Muslim. That's why they are and that's how they present themselves. If people like them, they do; if they don't, they don't. Everything is decided in the ring with hard power.
Even at the height of Mongols/Huns/Germanic tribes etc,they were viewed as barbarians. No one inspired to study or adopt their political system/culture,no one respect or admire the mongol way of life.
That's your imagination. Nobody can prove it either way because nobody can go back and check. In modern times, all powerful things, countries, races, people, are respected. If you don't, either they make you pay or the world laughs at you, an insect sneering at lions.
"Nobody listens to them",because you say so?
Right, because alphas don't listen to beta bitches talking about anime. No government official has ever levied an anime or drama as reasoning to be lenient on the producing country.
Firstly,being US puppet do not automatically grant you culture influence,The US has more puppet than Japan and Korea,yet only Japan and Korea succeed in softpower.
That's not even true, not remotely. Japan and Korea have their own culture but so do France, Spain, Italy, the UK, basically every country has its way to interest people into taking a look, but it doesn't translate into any real power.
Secondly,you think Japanese and Korea culture products only have foothold in the West?You'd be shocked to find out how popular they are in developing countries,such as middle east/central asia/south east asia etc. Even in anti-west places like Russia/Iran/China,they are still popular.
I never said that. I said it doesn't matter because strong-minded people, people who run countries, don't get identity-mugged like you every time they watch a show.
How do you like free cocaine,lots of people love it.
Apparently you do, or you wouldn't be so bad at debate. I'm a Chinese person, loyal and true to my identity despite growing up in the Sinophobic US, traveling the world, and watching cultural products from every country. They all have no effect on me except to provide temporary entertainment.
For a comparable consumer product,the one with softpower can sell it at much higher price than those who doesn't have softpower
Brands use soft power because no company has hard power, but in the end, they are at the total mercy of hard power bans. If relations soured between China and France, French luxury products can be banned and no soft power can do anything about it. National products such as agriculture, etc... can be pushed by hard power economic bargaining.
Pilgrims will always visit their sacred place. Kpop fans visit Korea,Thai drama fans visit Thailand,the same way muslims visit Mecca
Same way China is the second most visited-country in the world? Maybe to sheeple. I'm not a pilgrim and neither are my friends. We go to places to patronize them and if they provide good service, we say they are good servers. If not, we say they are a bad choice for fun. Maybe one day, you can find an alpha mentality and stop being a pilgrim, but more imporantly, stop imagining that other people are pilgrims like you when they are lions like us.
So which way do you want to play it?Die = cancer meaning there is only one way to die,or Die =/= cancer in which case your whole pont is moot?
Doesn't even make sense; sorry but copying my sentence doesn't flip the logic. I didn't say anything about cancer or death. I said you can either interpret tourism as soft power, in which case, China is already dominant over every other country than the US, or you can say that tourism isn't soft power, in which case you're just writing diarrhea. No good choice for you. Maybe that's why you pretended you didn't understand and spit back a nonsensical sentence at me hoping it'll just get ignored and pass.
 
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D

Deleted member 23272

Guest
Even at the height of Mongols/Huns/Germanic tribes etc,they were viewed as barbarians. No one inspired to study or adopt their political system/culture,no one respect or admire the mongol way of life.
Technically a whole lineage of post-Mongol Asian conquerors like Tamerlane, Nader Shah, and Babur would disagree with you, but I kind of get your point.

But in all honesty, when your chosen analogy is how civilizations have influenced their conquerors, its a pretty damn broad topic. I guess a good place to start is how does modern China exactly qualify as a "barbarian tribe" in your view and how do the past experiences of barbarian tribes shed light on China's current situation?

Moreover, I would like to add to your example, yeah you had the Mongols who practically disappeared into the cultures they conquered due to their own being not so sophisticated. But then you have examples of Germanic tribes adapting Roman and Greek culture, and from that rose the modern European state. Or Arabs adopting Persian culture and ushering in the Golden Age of Islam.

So yeah, I'm willing to hear you out, but you did kind of choose a pretty wonky analogy to make your point.
Thai drama fans visit Thailand
Reposting my last response, which you didn't address. Thai dramas might have their own following in China, but I guarantee you 95% of Chinese love to vacation in Thailand because its cheap, it has nice weather, nice beaches, awesome food, and "other reasons" I won't explicitly state. Millions of Americans visit Mexico every year for every one of those same reasons, would you say there is a crisis in America of Whites having inferiority complexes to Mexicans?
the same way muslims visit Mecca
Well China so far this year has had world leaders visit it left and right, including this week a Central Asian summit, seeing the country as an alternative pole of power and seeking the country's leadership on a myraid of issues from diplomacy, to economics, to technology. By your logic though, leaders shouldn't even bother since they and their people probably can't name a single Chinese celebrity or cultural product outside of Jackie Chan and Genshin Impact. Plus, what you previously mentioned was tourism dollars, which is good to have since it helps the economy. But do you know what leaders coming to your country to sign deals they expect to be honored is? Real power.
"Nobody listens to them",because you say so?
His point is precisely that its erroneous to think entertainment products are what's on top of everybody's minds when they go to vote on foreign policy issues. Nevermind that consistenly in almost every country, foreign policy issues are among the last thing on everyone's minds unless they're on the brink of war. The top issues are always going to be jobs, inflation, and affordable housing. Plus assuming that the voters care enough about foreign policy to vote for their leaders based on that issue, its quite an insult to their intelligence to assume they'll vote based on how recognizeable the celebrities are in each of the major bilateral country relations. Like no, your average joe can't discern the subtleties of international diplomacy, but unless they're teenagers they'll likely judge their country's foreign relations will be based on how the relationship will affect issues on their mind like, as stated before, jobs and affordable housing, not whether they'd want to have sex with the boy/girlbands of those countries.
 
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luminary

Senior Member
Registered Member
Not certain on how soft power has affected recent events, but I can identify which factors have tilted the world populace's moral compass in favor of Western TINA/White Supremacy/Atlanticism/Neoliberalism/Neocolonialism since the end of the Cold War.

Powerful/directly supports perception:
  • Western "leadership" of the world through setting technical standards and heading "global" institutions (IMF, World Bank), basically hard power with good marketing
  • Also due to political inactivity of reputable rivals (other two permanent members of UNSC gave their tacit permissions)
  • High standard of living and wealth of the countries for long period of time.
  • Western religions and languages that bind the converted to the converters like those in Latin America to the will of the Vatican Pope (their mental foci is a location that belongs to their former colonizers)
  • More broadly, the centuries of colonial heritage that shaped their societal memory: the mestizo and Filipinos to their Spaniard parents, the Levant and the Françafrique to France, those in Macau, Brazil, the Lusitanic, to Portugal, the Commonwealth to Britain.
  • A highly edited and whitewashed anglo-saxon interpretation of history and the lack of a popular counter narrative.
  • Intellectual thought and entertainment based on assumptions of White History and Modernity is Western (Hollywood movies, also Asian casted cinema like Crazy Rich Asians, everything everywhere at once, or Shang Chi (traditional evil fu manchu patriarchal father vs liberal village people and rebellious freedom youth))
  • Perceived cultural, religious and moral similarity.
Medium efficacy:
  • Current wealth and success of the country
  • Actual cultural and moral similarity, such as those between East Asian Confucian peoples.
  • Cultural and student exchanges.
  • Racial mixing and immigrants
  • Access to state media
  • Friendly relations for long historical period (China- Africa)
Bottom tier trash:
  • Entertainment that is apolitical (i.e. Jackie Chan, crouching tiger hidden dragon)
  • Youth fads
  • Short-term aid (COVID vaccines)
  • Short-term commerce
 

FairAndUnbiased

Brigadier
Registered Member
Technically a whole lineage of post-Mongol Asian conquerors like Tamerlane, Nader Shah, and Babur would disagree with you, but I kind of get your point.

But in all honesty, when your chosen analogy is how civilizations have influenced their conquerors, its a pretty damn broad topic. I guess a good place to start is how does modern China exactly qualify as a "barbarian tribe" in your view and how do the past experiences of barbarian tribes shed light on China's current situation?


Moreover, I would like to add to your example, yeah you had the Mongols who practically disappeared into the cultures they conquered due to their own being not so sophisticated. But then you have examples of Germanic tribes adapting Roman and Greek culture, and from that rose the modern European state. Or Arabs adopting Persian culture and ushering in the Golden Age of Islam.

So yeah, I'm willing to hear you out, but you did kind of choose a pretty wonky analogy to make your point.

Reposting my last response, which you didn't address. Thai dramas might have their own following in China, but I guarantee you 95% of Chinese love to vacation in Thailand because its cheap, it has nice weather, nice beaches, awesome food, and "other reasons" I won't explicitly state. Millions of Americans visit Mexico every year for every one of those same reasons, would you say there is a crisis in America of Whites having inferiority complexes to Mexicans?

Well China so far this year has had world leaders visit it left and right, including this week a Central Asian summit, seeing the country as an alternative pole of power and seeking the country's leadership on a myraid of issues from diplomacy, to economics, to technology. By your logic though, leaders shouldn't even bother since they and their people probably can't name a single Chinese celebrity or cultural product outside of Jackie Chan and Genshin Impact. Plus, what you previously mentioned was tourism dollars, which is good to have since it helps the economy. But do you know what leaders coming to your country to sign deals they expect to be honored is? Real power.

His point is precisely that its erroneous to think entertainment products are what's on top of everybody's minds when they go to vote on foreign policy issues. Nevermind that consistenly in almost every country, foreign policy issues are among the last thing on everyone's minds unless they're on the brink of war. The top issues are always going to be jobs, inflation, and affordable housing. Plus assuming that the voters care enough about foreign policy to vote for their leaders based on that issue, its quite an insult to their intelligence to assume they'll vote based on how recognizeable the celebrities are in each of the major bilateral country relations. Like no, your average joe can't discern the subtleties of international diplomacy, but unless they're teenagers they'll likely judge their country's foreign relations will be based on how the relationship will affect issues on their mind like, as stated before, jobs and affordable housing, not whether they'd want to have sex with the boy/girlbands of those countries.
Famous line in Chinese history: 我蛮夷也。("Yes I'm a barbarian.")

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在春秋战国时期,楚国和秦国都是周天子分封的正牌诸侯国,但他们都被中原各国等国称为蛮夷之国。不过秦楚两国没有因为被当做蛮夷之国而刻意去讨好其他诸侯国,尤其是楚国,一句“我蛮夷也”振聋发聩,足以在两千多年后的后人深刻思考。
 

manqiangrexue

Brigadier
Moreover, I would like to add to your example, yeah you had the Mongols who practically disappeared into the cultures they conquered due to their own being not so sophisticated.
Well, Mongol culture was based on a nomadic lifestyle characterized by hardship on the plains with some basic resources such as water, vegetables being extremely scarce. They did not pay attention to the development of technology to improve life standards but centered around war and physical combat. The underlying theme is to fight all the time and not build much in order to be able to take everything with you because nothing is long term. It's simply incompatible with human development which is geared towards technological advancement to provide plentiful resources, an increasingly comfortable lifestyle, but most importantly, building permanent stable civilizations that will evolve into metropolis'. This is why Mongol culture simply could not carry on to be mainstream but rather, the Mongols themselves would begin to assimilate to cultures that focused on the correct path to the development of civilization eventually into its modern form.
 
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luminary

Senior Member
Registered Member
There was a move by non-aligned nations to establish a media sphere that could counter Western narratives. But it was ultimately killed off by the US's deliberate efforts.

This is why China's media is fighting an uphill battle, and why the western influence is so pervasive around the world. The battle was fought in the '70s and was already over by the end of the Cold War.

As China's technology and hard power levels the playing field, China and her allies can now strike back and establish their own soft power.


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: A New World Information and Communication Order
The European and North American countries enjoy a near-global monopoly over information, their media houses vested with a credibility and authority inherited from their status during colonial times (BBC, for instance) as well as their command of the neocolonial structure of our times (CNN, for instance). In the 1950s, the post-colonial nations identified the West’s monopoly over media and information and sought to ‘promote the free flow of ideas by word and by image’, in the 1945
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of the United Nations Educational, Scientific, and Cultural Organisation (UNESCO).
The countries and regions of Africa, Asia, and Latin America developed their own national and regional news institutions: in 1958, a UNESCO seminar held in Quito (Ecuador) led to the establishment of a regional school to train journalists and communications professionals in 1960 known as the
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(CIESPAL); in 1961, a meeting held in Bangkok created the
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(OANA); and in 1963, a conference held in Tunis created the
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(UANA). These agencies tried to amplify the voices of the Third World through their own media. At the UNESCO General Conference of 1972, Soviet Union and UNESCO experts from more than a dozen countries put forward a
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entitled the ‘Declaration of Guiding Principles for the Use of Satellite Broadcasting for the Free Flow of Information, the Spread of Education, and Greater Cultural Exchange’.
In 1984, the United States withdrew from UNESCO in response to these initiatives. The privatisation of the media in the 1980s ultimately killed off any attempt by the Third World to create sovereign media networks.
This dream has now been revived by China. Hundreds of editors and journalists from the Global South gathered in Shanghai (China) this May for the Global South International Communication Forum. At the close of two days of intense debate, the participants drafted and voted on the Shanghai Consensus.
"Gradually, neocolonial control over finance, resources, and science and technology has been exhausted, but the neocolonial structure remains with respect to Western control over weapons and information systems,” said Vijay Prashad, director of the
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and Chief Correspondent of
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, at the opening of the “Communication as Solidarity” conference, organized by the
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at East China Normal University along with several other Chinese entities in Shanghai.
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Besides representatives from
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,
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,
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, and
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, the event also included members of progressive media organizations such as
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,
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, and
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, and over 100 researchers and media professionals from China, Ghana, Zambia, South Africa, Brazil, and Russia.
The conference was attended by media organizations that have faced the brunt of Western censorship.
For the director of Brasil de Fato, Nina Fideles, the conference was significant “by the very fact of bringing together, over two days, people and media outlets from different countries, who could share experiences and ideas about communication from the Global South.”

“Besides the fact that we had the opportunity to learn more about the Chinese experience in relation to communication, we also learned about the economic and social model here and the country’s role reorienting the global geopolitical situation.
 
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