Apart from China, is there any other countries that have fully indigenous Chips production line better than 28nm?. I don't think even the US is able to do that
How about Russia and Iran ?
US is trying to do 7nm now and will have it up and running because it has absolute access to everything. TSMC is being forced to set up foundry in the US and give every bit of foundry fab tech they have to the US.
Pretty sure Japan and Korea have fully indigenous chip design to fab (every piece of equipment minus EUVL) for down to 7nm and beyond but they have access to all equipment. EUVL is held only by Netherlands but it is one piece of equipment and Netherlands can't get anywhere close to matching Japan, Korea, or even China when it comes to the entire chain. EUVL is like one machine that makes a car's frame that a production tech giant uses. It's impressive but a fraction of the technology tree. TSMC's specialty is in the production side but uses equipment from all over the place. Production in itself is another half of the technology tree in SCs. So to use an analogy, EUVL is like holding the best battery tech for Electric Vehicle manufacturers and if ASML in Netherlands is the best battery supplier, Tesla is Taiwan's TSMC.
China has 28nm (fully indigenous ecosystem of equipment), 12/14nm with some reliance on external equipment but working on overcoming and using 12/14nm with SMIC n+1 process for 7nm... again probably with
some external equipment that should be easily overcome because as I understand, 7nm is just missing EUVL but EUVL is one solution to the problem. China is far closer to mastering the entire technology tree than Taiwan is. It has its own equipment that Taiwan sources because China knows it can be banned from accessing equipment. There's no shame or purpose to not use best available equipment from anywhere. That's how business and manufacturing works. But China is treated differently so it has planned and went about this differently. It's been doing it for at least a decade with foundational works and organisation that started decades ago. China also has superior chip research and design which they previously got Taiwan to fabricate for them. Now all China's missing is EDA solution, architecture solution but this is a tiny easy problem despite Indians online shouting otherwise lol... I think they don't know how any of this works. The greatest problem seems to be how to fab 7nm and beyond without EUVL but SMIC apparently could manage 7nm soon with alternative solution.
Russia is allowed obsolete equipment (like China) only and Russia's domestic foundry/fab tech is not close to 28nm. I don't think their chip designs are close to leading edge either (but they have these and the organisation/infrastructure base) because fewer to no commercial industrial products and military ones can make do with more obsolete chip designs and production so unless Russia ventures into developing similar industries that export products with leading chips in them, they don't need any of this... none of their GDP comes from this and military chips they can make themselves because they don't need to be 28nm or that modern and sophisticated. India produces some of its own chips (for their more advanced military products they don't import) but of course using obsolete equipment from outside India and producing >100nm. Almost no chip design and research due to no government and private initiative until now but that's just to set up foundations that
could potentially bear fruit decades from now. Iran is much further behind in this field. I'm not sure if Russia has long been banned from buying latest modern chips but Russia has no domestic industry that make use of them so this hasn't been too publicly apparent.
