I'm aware that when the 777 and A330 came out the sell for going two engines was that engine providers had new high thrust variants that were more efficient so 4 engines were unnecessary. There was even a strong push by engine providers on selling the reliability of these new engines to cover failure redundancy concerns as well. However, maintenance cost reduction was also a selling point. It wasn't just one reason.
"Another cost consideration for airlines is maintenance. This may not seem as obvious as fuel costs, but almost half of typical maintenance costs is engine related (
have published a detailed guide to maintenance costs here) – so costs rise quickly with four engines."
"Analysts say advances in engine technology and fuel-efficiency have made twin-engine jets the go-to choice when airlines look to update their passenger fleets.
Patrick Smith, host of the
, says economics swung the pendulum — perhaps irreversibly — toward two-engine passenger planes. "
“It's pretty simple: Why do with four what you can do with two? It's going to be simpler and less expensive,” Smith says.
…
Jets with four engines — and some with three — remained a staple of passenger flying, especially on long-haul intercontinental flights.
By the 1990s, volatile fuel prices, improved reliability and reduced operating costs all began to tip the scales in favor of jets with fewer engines. “