I think one of the most important things about the development of China's next generation planes is that they were designed with a clear goal and vision in mind. To fight America and win. After all, most of America's naval and air assets haven't changed much since the cold war, although they have been upgraded with modern electronics. China has been designing their planes with the FF-22/F-35 and NGAD on their minds.
Meanwhile America lacks a clear goal and target. The F-22 and F-35 were completed before China became a real powerhouse, and when America was busy in the middle east for more than a decade focusing on COIN. Let's look at the NGAD, early design work on it started in the mid 2010s when America was starting to focus on China, but a very different China. Back when not a single J-20 was in service, and when America constantly looked down on Chinese aviation. Even when the J-20 was in active service, they probably didn't expect it to be mass produced so fast, they were probably expecting China to have the same issues Russia had with their SU-57. And here we are in 2025, 6th gen well underway, J-20 and J-35 in mass production and so much new chinese drones and other force multipliers like AEW&C in service The situation to put it bluntly, has changed so much in the space of a decade that America might as well be fighting a different country. Meanwhile for China, it's basically the same, other than increased F-35 numbers and the increasing importance of drones.
This could be a major reason why the NGAD is having design issues. Having a very expensive platform is fine if it's there mainly as a prestige project and technology demonstrator that doesn't have to worry about being shot down because it will rarely see combat. And even in combat, it's mainly gonna be flown vs 3rd world countries that can barely afford a 4.5th gen fleet anyway. Basically the F-22's service history. But when you're actually fighting a peer opponent that can actually challenge your air superiority? That can actually shoot down your NGAD? When you're fighting in a contential scale conflict in contested airspace that might need hundreds of NGAD and the the full might of the 5th gen fleet to win?
Suddenly that $300 million price tag doesn't seem too worth it. The NGAD doesn't seem to be designed for the capabilities of modern China, or for a peer to peer full scaled war.