PLAN Type 035/039/091/092 Submarine Thread

franco-russe

Senior Member
Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

The art of counting submarines that only display their pennant numbers in port, and then only quai-side, is not of recent invention and I am cognizant of the difficulties involved.

What you say about GE applies equally to horizontal photography, and I have relied on neither to establish numbers.

But in the Chinese case, we are helped by all the information that can be picked up from Cyberspace, much of which is in fact accurate.

The only certainty seems to be that there are 12 KILO. Sure, with modern-day Russian openness we knew about the orders, the yard numbers (413, 414, 01616, 01327, 01329, 01330, 01331, 611, 01332, 701, 702, 01333) and they were delivered to China on heavy-lift ships. But while it is generally believed that their pennant numbers are 364-375, it was only a few days ago I actually saw one, namely 374 in Yulin.

I also think it well established that there are 16, distributed as described in Feng’s article on China’s conventional submarine fleet, with 8 in Daxiedao, 4 in Qingdao and 4 in Yulin.

It is also well established that submarines in built in series of 4, so as to have homogenous squadrons, and that a new type or version signals the beginning of a new series of 4. From that point of view, Feng’s belief that the modified YUAN is Hull 5 is entirely logical. It is either that or Hull 9.

For good measure I reproduce the Chinese text that mentions the new SSF submarine flotilla, allegedly 52. The fact that it relates the flotilla to the Taiwan Strait may point in the direction of Xiachuandao.

漏斗子:侃侃南海舰队

最近海外媒体报道,随着中国对南海战略价值的重视,新一轮海军部署调整已显端倪,海军重心正在向海南岛转移,核潜艇、新型导弹驱逐舰已在著名的海滩亚龙湾一带出现,那儿将成为中国的“关岛”。

正巧今天新华社也有一篇南海舰队的报道,说的是驱二支队荣辱观教育中感人事迹。

从这篇报道中可以看出,南海舰队自从组建第二个驱逐舰支队后,任务有了明确分工。驱逐舰二支队主要担负南海、台海南部的近海海域的防务,主要舰艇就是五艘 051型驱逐舰和十来艘053H护卫舰,最猛的就是一六七“深圳”舰了。虽说大部分舰艇比较旧,但对付南海周边国家应该差不多了,再说还有后援。目前在南沙岛礁一带巡逻、驻防的,就是有这个支队的护卫舰。新组的驱逐舰九支队一色新舰,目前是一六八—一七一四艘导弹驱逐舰,是海军最耀眼的明星支队,另外还拥有新型护卫舰的护卫舰大队。这个支队应该属于军委的战略机动力量,是要担当重任的,以后是赋予走蓝水任务的。

在常规潜艇方面,南海也新组了一个支队,现在也拥有两个常规潜艇支队。两个支队都有039型和035G型,三十二支队还有四艘Kilo型636。但两个支队主力潜艇相同,如何分工委实不明。将来可能是,三十二支队以国产039型和进口Kilo型为主,担负南海海域和突破岛链的防务,与部署在那里的核潜艇配合作战;新组五十二支队,以 035型和039型为主,主要负责近海和台海防务。

先侃的到这儿,接着侃核潜艇部署。

Also, as the photo of SONG 320 and YUAN’s in Daxiedao supposed to be in post # 628 cannot now be viewed, I would have attached it if I knew how to.
 

sealordlawrence

Junior Member
Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

franco-russe,

I apologise if it seemed that I was being critical, I certainly was not- I am open to all ideas when it comes to trying to estimate the scale of the PLAN submarine fleet- your hypothesis is just new to me and is at the high end of the many that I have seen.

The 13 number for the Song class comes from Jane's- I appreciate that organisation has a poor record when it comes to China but ship counting is one thing they are usually ok with. With that said- I am perfectly willing to believe there are 16.

Homogeneous squadrons / flotillas does sound logical- but I would suggest that this does have to be the case, it is certainly possible that there are mixed units in existence.
 

franco-russe

Senior Member
Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

Well, now that you say so, I did bear you a certain grudge for your supercilious remarks on the observation that the 052C hull in Jiangnan had bulbous bow sonar, the lower half of which was blue. For your education, I retrieved a photo of LUYANG I 168 in drydock, displaying a similarly half-blue bulb.

I do feel terribly alone in my assessment of the number of YUAN. I wish that the very capable analyst Crobato was still posting, he might have had a solidly based judgement (though you would probably have had long debates on the number of JIN/HAN class with him!).

Yes, of course the Chinese might have heterogenous submarine squadrons, not all of their frigate squadrons e.g. are homogenous. But the fact is that none have been noted, with the exception of the single YUAN in 32nd Flotilla (if it still there!), which was probably attached to the SONG squadron.

Jane’s is not reliable on ship counting. A whole page could be devoted to their mistakes, but I shall abstain. Sinodefence.com is normally very reliable (though they quaintly do not acknowledge the existence of JIANGHU 533, 534 and 543, for instance) and they do have 16 SONG (320-329, 313-318). Those are also the pennant numbers I have seen in various Chinese sources.
 

sealordlawrence

Junior Member
Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

The Yuan question is certainly an interesting one though I suspect that we will not get definitive answers for a while yet- either through photos of complete flotillas or through pennant numbers. What we can be sure of is that the modern PLAN SSK fleet is somewhere in the mid-high 30s.

If we accept the analysis of 2 conventional submarine flotillas per fleet then we have a standing SSK force of 48 boats, annual construction of 2 a year would provide a respectable service life of 24 years per boat. It also means that there are approximately 15 Ming class boats left. We then have the interesting development of new build boats getting progressively larger (culminating in the latest unit) resulting a gradual capability enhancement in terms of long range patrols.

If this is the case it rather undermines the notion that China is behind the great Asian submarine race.
 
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franco-russe

Senior Member
Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

We shall seek the truth and find it, eventually, perhaps even those who use this for their motto may divulge this secret some day.

In the meantime, and dealing with the more mundane question of the ultra-familiar MING’s, there are still 20 in service (the first two were stricken years ago), divided between the North Sea Fleet (8 at Lushun, 4 at Qingdao) and the South Sea Fleet (8 at Xiachuandao), again as described in Feng’s article. So a total of 53-57.

A retirement age of 24 is pretty young, only the Japanese will achieve this, and only because they are prolonging the service life of submarines from 18 to 24 years. Count on 30 years as a reasonable standard, with two a year that will be a fleet of 60.

There are no doubt multiple motivations behind submarine fleet building in East Asia. Japan certainly sees their expansion as a response to the growth of China’s naval power, as does Vietnam with their creation of a force from scratch. Malaysia and Singapore’s acquisition of submarine fleets is probably a reflection of their mutual relationship. What lies behind S. Korea’s growing fleet is a complete mystery, it least is is noting to do with N. Korea.
 

tphuang

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Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

All of these photos are from Shanghai-Wusong naval base, which newconstruction submarines from Wuhan regularly visit on their way to their destination.
I know that, but I was pondering why a song and a yuan submarine would be there, considering they have already been assigned to a regular flotilla
The 22nd Submarine Flotilla at Daxiedao definitely had at least three YUAN class submarines as early as January 2009. You posted a photo showing these with a SONG in post # 359. A later photo, in September 2009, also shows three YUAN plus SONG 320 (with the characteristic sail), making it certain that is from Daxiedao. I think you can see four YUAN in the GE image of Daxiedao, but I find it a bit difficult to distinguish SONG and YUAN.
Yes I did post that photo, but I'm not sure what really is happening like whether those 3 Yuan submarines actually joined 22nd submarine flotilla and kicked song submarines out to another flotilla (the song in the picture is one of the 3 039G). I don't have the picture from September, so I don't know.
In you otherwise excellent article on China’s conventional submarine fleet you suggest that a new submarine base with YUAN has been established in the East Sea Fleet, illustrating the thesis with the photo mentioned above. As I have argued, this photo is from Daxiedao (or Zhoushan, if you prefer).
I don't know if it is from 22nd flotilla at all. The song submarine could easily have joined from 22nd flotilla to temporarily help the establishment of a new flotilla. I brought up that suggestion, because I really don't know and I'm not going to rely on a google earth photo to differentiate between yuan and song.
It is also well known that YUAN Hull 1 pennant number 330 has been stationed with the 32nd Submarine Flotilla since October 2006. So there were definitely four YUAN in service at the beginning of 2009.

If the modified YUAN now seen at Shanghai is Hull 5, it would mean that Wuhan has been delivering no submarines in 2009-2010, until it suddenly, in a burst of renewed energy, launches no less than three submarines, including the new class, in 2010? I find it difficult to believe this, I think that there is sufficient evidence that they have regularly delivered two annually, which would make the first modified unit Hull 9.
actually, we don't know about 330 with Yulin any more. We've seen plenty of photos of 32nd flotilla recently and no signs of Yuan at all. All I see are Kilos and Songs. But I think it is fair to conclude that we've had 4 Yuan in service until the recent batch. This has been confirmed by the hsh people who get to see every time a submarine get to that Shanghai naval base.

As for additional submarines, that's unlikely. There are no evidence of it and has not been corroborated by people that take photos at shanghai and wuhan. That there are 3 new Yuans + 1 new submarine type is supported by photos. In fact, there was also a gap between 039G and 039G1 production. So, what's happening with Yuan really mirrors that situation.

I think that the recent photo from Wuhan showing three submarines actually predates the arrival of the first modified unit at Wusong about 1 January, meaning that the two YUAN are Hulls 9 and 10. I think it is unconceivable that Wuhan launched four submarines in 2010.

I am aware of construction pauses in general, but not at Wuhan, which has built at least one submarine every year since 1986, and about two annually since 1999. In the twelve years from 1999 to 2010, I make it 4 MING (035B), 12 SONG (four more built by Jiangnan) and 9 YUAN, or a total of 25 (or exactly 24, if the modified YUAN is counted as a 2011 delivery).
there are definitely pauses on Wuhan as we have seen.
The problem is that so many YUAN cannot be located. Daxiedao is designed to support 12 submarines (6 submarine piers for two submarines each), so 4 YUAN is provided for. Logically, the nwxt units should have gone to Yulin, following YUAN 330, but Yulin cannot accommodate more than 10 submarines at most. In addition, Yulin is fairly well covered, and there is in fact no recent picture of a YUAN there.
Most flotilla have extra 033s around for training purposes, so just because they have 4 extra spots, that does not mean you can just stuff Yuans in there into oblivion. In fact with all these new Yuans, they have to either replace the older 035Bs or create new flotilla.
The dark horse is Xiachuandao, home of the 72nd Submarine Flotilla, of which coverage is non-existent (GE image is very old). There was an article on the South Sea Fleet a couple of years ago which mentioned a new submarine flotilla, erroneously identified as the 52nd, which was supposed to be made up of Type 035 and 039 submarines – the latter could possibly be 039A.
We have seen very recent articles about 72nd submarine flotilla's 035G submarines making launches of anti-ship missiles. In fact, they are from this past year. We have also seen pictures from this past year of 32nd flotilla with 3 Song and 3 kilos. It's very unlikely any 039s got switched out from there to 72nd flotilla.


btw, I attached a couple of photos of submarines from 32nd flotilla which are taken from the last couple of days.
 

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sealordlawrence

Junior Member
Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

So if we accept that there are 2 flotillas per fleet then we have a standing force of 48 SSKs with a collection of older boats in supporting training roles but not retained for combat operations?
 

tphuang

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Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

I don't know. It seems like with all of the Yuan coming into service, they would need a new flotilla eventually to accommodate them unless they want to mothball the 035Gs or put them into storage. I don't think they are looking to take them out of service yet, since the much less capable 033s are still used for training purposes.
 

sealordlawrence

Junior Member
Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

What could happen is the 033s get scrapped and the 035s replace them in the training role. It would be interesting to know how many "training" boats are in each fleet.

A possible scenario could be that each fleet has a shadow flotilla consisting of vessels responsible for training and other roles whilst not being a normal flotilla, it might have the potential to become one in case of war.
 

tphuang

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Re: PLAN submarines Thread II

that would certainly be logical. It does seem to match PLAN's philosophy. I'm just still waiting to see more 039s shifting to NSF or SSF if that was the case.
 
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