I see a couple of discussions about the role of Taiwanese civilians with regards to forcing the Taiwanese renegade government to surrender. While I agree with that, unfortunately with the way the DPP and it's US thinks, I'm not too optimistic about that.
Following the lessons of the Ukraine War, I am sure the DPP is planning to use Taiwanese civilians as human shields. They will use propaganda to fool the gullible to stay in their homes, and coercion to force the stubborn to do the same.
So you will then have Beijing telling civilians to evacuate and DPP telling them to stay. When they inevitably get dusted, the DPP will be to blame, and everyone on Taiwan will be fearful of listening to their continued commands.
Plays right into what China needs in order to secure lasting peace.
The DPP have trained the Taiwanese military to operate heavy weaponry around residential areas. The DPP will do it's best to park and launch it's military assets and long range strike weapons around residential areas, schools, hospitals, etc. Then when the PLA retaliates, the DPP and the West will cynically cry crocodile tears and make China the bad guy. It'll be useful to gain international sympathy, and more importantly, to fool the Taiwanese populace to hate China, and rally around the DPP more.
Who will condemn China that matters? Putin, who maintains China's raw resources and oil, will say bombing insurgents is too evil? Or maybe Iran, our reserve oil area, believes its unacceptable? Or all the 3rd world countries who voted against US in every single UN issue?
I'm more than certain that the DPP and their cynical masters will opt to sacrifice Taiwanese civilians for their own diplomatic and propaganda benefit. It's important for the PLA's strategic planners to take this into account. There are no easy solutions to this unfortunately. Even if the PLA used micro munitions from UCAVs to take out a HIMARS launcher near an apartment complex. Even if no civilians are seriously hurt, the very act of dropping anything near a residential area will be spun by the Boba and Western media as "Chinese barbarism".
There are extremely easy solutions. Give the civilians early warning of a few hours or minutes and then flatten the whole block. It teaches quickly to locals that you should under no circumstances listen to the rebel authorities, but only to the central government, and it shows the whole world tangible proof of China's victory over American invaders.
Lesson from Ukraine war: Washington cronies can write whatever they want on their blogs et al. And it has no effect on real life! They can say we create mass graves in Taiwan province, whether this is true or not, no Chinese or others who matter will care.
I think realistically, China cannot win the propaganda war against the West. So the Chinese leadership should anticipate some loss of international image, and the hardening of Taiwanese resistance. They should expect that the armed unification could drag out longer than expected because of a fooled populace. I have not been able to figure out a good solution for this ugly problem for China. It would be nice to hear some suggestions for how China could deal with this.
You split the KMT resistence fighters from the civilians who would support them.
Taiwan is a closed system, like Gaza. Drawing from the recent ME conflict, the actual point of failure for the Israelis is that 6000 munitions over the course of 1 week is grossly insufficient to actually force out enough civilians. Additionally, the terrible reputation of Tel Aviv makes civilians unlikely to use the evacuation routes proposed by the IDF.
China will not face these problems, if they set a much higher target for bombs released, and they have better "goodwill" with the locals inside the province as well. Palestinians are used to having shelters and being bombed. They trust Hamas because Hamas historically provide safety. Taiwanese are not used to being bombed at all, and the local resistence has no experience in saving civilians from government air raids. When you give Taiwanese the ultimatum, they'll listen to the central government 9/10 times, and the remaining 1 person will quickly demonstrate why not listening was a bad idea...