I think you are right and I was confusing the 2. I stand corrected.
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- Thread starter bd popeye
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I think you are right and I was confusing the 2. I stand corrected.
No problem bro nice to have this discussion.
I was looking for a book to read authored by Col. David Glantz (ret.) on the Battle in Stalingrad WWII when I stumbled upon this RAND BOOK/Project Study authored by Dr. Zalmay Khalilzad titled: "The Military Potential of China's Commercial Technology. "
This project is conducted in the Strategy and Doctrine Program of Project AIR FORCE under the sponsorship of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and Space Operations, U.S. Air Force (AF/XO).
Comments are welcome and may be directed either to the author or to the project leader, Dr. Zalmay Khalilzad. The cutoff date for re-search in this report was November 2000.
SUMMARY
If China’s economy grows at expected rates over the next 20 years, by 2020 it will be larger than that of the United States (in purchasing power terms), which suggests that China has the economic potential to become a U.S. military rival. For China to actually become such a rival, however, China’s defense industries would have to be able to produce weaponry technologically comparable to that of the United States. This would represent a dramatic advance over China’s cur-rent military technology, which is still largely based on 1950s-era Soviet technology. Along with internal efforts to improve its technological capabilities, China’s defense industry can draw on three external sources of advanced technology: direct transfers of military technology from abroad, purchasing from world commercial markets advanced components and equipment that China’s defense industries are incapable of manufacturing, and technology diffusion from China’s civilian industries. China is likely to exploit all three of these technology sources to varying degrees, but given limitations imposed by foreign governments on the first two—in contrast to the openness of China’s civilian industry to foreign technology and investment—the third source could, in the long run, be the most promising source of knowledge and capability for China’s defense industries.
CURRENT CAPABILITIES Eight major civilian industries have the most potential for supporting military technology development: microelectronics, computers, telecommunications equipment, nuclear power, biotechnology, chemicals, aviation, and space. China has capabilities in all of these areas and has facilities in some of them that are quite advanced.
These usually depend on imported components and machinery, however, and China’s technological capabilities are overall well be-hind world standards.
In microelectronics, China’s most advanced facilities are six to eight years behind the state of the art. At its present rate of progress, China would catch up to the state of the art by around 2008, but its advanced facilities are limited in number and depend on imported equipment. Until China succeeds in deepening its electronics capabilities, it will remain dependent on imports to keep up with advances in microelectronics technology. China’s capabilities for assembling low-end personal computers (PCs) are comparable to those of the advanced industrial nations, but its PCs are composed primarily of imported parts. Moreover, China has limited supercomputer capabilities. China does have large numbers of software professionals, but development of commercial software in China has so far been slow.
With regard to telecommunications equipment, China’s ability to produce fixed-line switching systems has improved rapidly in recent years, with a market that was once dominated by foreign producers now split between Chinese and foreign companies. China produces fiber-optic cable but depends on foreign firms for advanced trans-mission technologies, such as synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
China also possesses microwave transmission technology, including digital transmission systems, but it will need at least a decade to catch up with Western technological levels. Its ability to produce sophisticated terminal node equipment, such as cellular handsets, is limited, and the Chinese market is dominated by such foreign sup-pliers as Nokia, Ericsson, and Motorola. China also has limited communications satellite capabilities.
China’s nuclear power industry is rudimentary. China has developed power plants for nuclear submarines, and it designed and built the nuclear power plant at Qinshan. But many of the critical com-ponents were imported, reflecting deficiencies in China’s tech-nological capabilities in this area. Nonetheless, Chinese capabilities
CONT'D...
This project is conducted in the Strategy and Doctrine Program of Project AIR FORCE under the sponsorship of the Deputy Chief of Staff for Air and Space Operations, U.S. Air Force (AF/XO).
Comments are welcome and may be directed either to the author or to the project leader, Dr. Zalmay Khalilzad. The cutoff date for re-search in this report was November 2000.
SUMMARY
If China’s economy grows at expected rates over the next 20 years, by 2020 it will be larger than that of the United States (in purchasing power terms), which suggests that China has the economic potential to become a U.S. military rival. For China to actually become such a rival, however, China’s defense industries would have to be able to produce weaponry technologically comparable to that of the United States. This would represent a dramatic advance over China’s cur-rent military technology, which is still largely based on 1950s-era Soviet technology. Along with internal efforts to improve its technological capabilities, China’s defense industry can draw on three external sources of advanced technology: direct transfers of military technology from abroad, purchasing from world commercial markets advanced components and equipment that China’s defense industries are incapable of manufacturing, and technology diffusion from China’s civilian industries. China is likely to exploit all three of these technology sources to varying degrees, but given limitations imposed by foreign governments on the first two—in contrast to the openness of China’s civilian industry to foreign technology and investment—the third source could, in the long run, be the most promising source of knowledge and capability for China’s defense industries.
CURRENT CAPABILITIES Eight major civilian industries have the most potential for supporting military technology development: microelectronics, computers, telecommunications equipment, nuclear power, biotechnology, chemicals, aviation, and space. China has capabilities in all of these areas and has facilities in some of them that are quite advanced.
These usually depend on imported components and machinery, however, and China’s technological capabilities are overall well be-hind world standards.
In microelectronics, China’s most advanced facilities are six to eight years behind the state of the art. At its present rate of progress, China would catch up to the state of the art by around 2008, but its advanced facilities are limited in number and depend on imported equipment. Until China succeeds in deepening its electronics capabilities, it will remain dependent on imports to keep up with advances in microelectronics technology. China’s capabilities for assembling low-end personal computers (PCs) are comparable to those of the advanced industrial nations, but its PCs are composed primarily of imported parts. Moreover, China has limited supercomputer capabilities. China does have large numbers of software professionals, but development of commercial software in China has so far been slow.
With regard to telecommunications equipment, China’s ability to produce fixed-line switching systems has improved rapidly in recent years, with a market that was once dominated by foreign producers now split between Chinese and foreign companies. China produces fiber-optic cable but depends on foreign firms for advanced trans-mission technologies, such as synchronous digital hierarchy (SDH).
China also possesses microwave transmission technology, including digital transmission systems, but it will need at least a decade to catch up with Western technological levels. Its ability to produce sophisticated terminal node equipment, such as cellular handsets, is limited, and the Chinese market is dominated by such foreign sup-pliers as Nokia, Ericsson, and Motorola. China also has limited communications satellite capabilities.
China’s nuclear power industry is rudimentary. China has developed power plants for nuclear submarines, and it designed and built the nuclear power plant at Qinshan. But many of the critical com-ponents were imported, reflecting deficiencies in China’s tech-nological capabilities in this area. Nonetheless, Chinese capabilities
CONT'D...
When the bad thing is getting gang raped I don’t know how good the good thing has to be to compensate.
plawolf
Lieutenant General
Jai Hind apologists: Per our survey, 9 out of 10 participants enjoy gang rape, so per the principles of democracy, it’s acceptable behaviour!
Looks like the world yearns for Comrade Trump's return.
No Matter Race, Age or Gender, More Voters Say Trump’s Policies Helped Than Biden’s
Times/Siena polls highlight how comparatively well-regarded Donald J. Trump’s policies are, even by groups that were affected by policies that Democrats hope will be motivating issues in 2024.
Nuland "resigned"?
The writing is on the wall.
Feel bad though
for Nuland, I think she wasn't that bad to and for China. Campbell is a total China hawk so I think we all know whats coming in a few years.
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Guess Ukraine is gonna get dumped soon
Honestly since it's fb you should engage, Get to know his contacts screen shot all convos and dick pics then share it with his family, relatives,friends and colleagues That ought to cure his itch
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I wonder if they were threatened by the authorities, Trust me if there is anything Indian government is good at its shoving everything under the carpet, Look up banners to cover slums during G20