China has both better quality and quantity research output vis a vis US, even when you account for the middle class in China only being slightly larger than the American one. Even through there is no definite way to actually measure how well both of the countries retain top level talent, that is still strong proof on China's side.OP was talking about elite universities in America (Ivy League). So Chinese students in America. And if these universities accepted students solely on merit, Asians would dominate their entire student bodies.
Any data to support this?
An university that doesn't accept solely on merit isn't an university worth your time. Sure, if the university has a big name, you can use the name to grift your way to personal wealth. But any place that doesn't put skill first isn't a dependable place.