re: F-35 Joint Strike Fighter Thread
On F-35B Training:
Posted on InsideDefense.com: June 27, 2014
MARINE CORPS AIR STATION BEAUFORT, SC -- Personnel from the Marine Corps' lone F-35B training squadron have started departing the world's only active Joint Strike Fighter training base for this air station in South Carolina ahead of the expected start of B-model F-35 training in the region on Oct. 1.
Until now, F-35 training for all users flying all models -- the conventional F-35A flown by the U.S. Air Force as well as the Netherlands, the short-takeoff-vertical-landing (STOVL) F-35B operated by the Marines and the United Kingdom, and the U.S. Navy's carrier-capable F-35C -- has been conducted at Eglin Air Force Base in the Florida Panhandle. But because of service-specific needs and space constraints at Eglin, the Air Force is standing up a second training site at Luke Air Force Base, AZ, and the Marines are moving all B-model training to MCAS Beaufort.
Inside the Pentagon visited the base on June 24 and interviewed three Marine Corps officials intimately involved in the transition from Florida to South Carolina: Col. William Lieblein, the commander of Marine Aircraft Group 31 which includes six operational F/A-18 Hornet squadrons and the single F-35B training squadron; Lt. Col. Joseph Bachmann, an F-35 pilot and the commander of that squadron, known as VMFAT-501; and Lt. Col. Luis Villalobos, the officer in charge of the newly built and opened JSF pilot training center at MCAS Beaufort. The base is scheduled to receive its first two Joint Strike Fighter aircraft in early July, and pilots and maintainers have started arriving at the new site, which will train British pilots alongside Marines from the start.
The transition of close to a dozen aircraft and the pilots and maintainers associated with that from one base to another is complex in itself, but the Marines' move to South Carolina is made even more complicated by the time line the expeditionary service has placed on itself to reach F-35 initial operational capability. The Marine Corps has pledged to reach IOC no later than the end of next year, forcing the service's training pipeline to operate at full speed -- and leading to a significant, late change in the way this transition is organized.
Until about six months ago, according to Lieblein, the Marines were entertaining the idea of shifting VMFAT-501 in the traditional way, which is to shut down operations at one location, move assets and people to the new site, and then resume flying. But because of the demand to continue graduating pilots for operational or instructor roles, the squadron will keep flying at Eglin while simultaneously moving people and airplanes to Beaufort.
"We didn't shut down, do a full standup over a 12-month period and then start flight operations," he said. "We're still continuing with pilot creating and flight ops. We had to reevaluate that about six or seven months ago to say, 'Hey, is this a realistic objective?' And we decided we needed to do dual-site operations to maintain our program and pilot training requirements."
Those dual-site operations introduce tremendous challenges, Bachmann acknowledged, as the size of the workforce draws down in Florida and grows substantially in South Carolina. He joked that there was not enough time in the day to discuss all the complications of continuing to meet flying-hour goals at one place while preparing to start flying at another location."
The most important thing right now is the manpower needs to get here and get established so we can take care of ourselves once we get here," said Bachmann, who only arrived at the base himself in mid-June. "The airplanes can stay back at Eglin and they are taken care of. We will increase the amount of manpower here linearly basically, and decrease the amount of airplanes in Eglin linearly, but on negative slopes. They will meet to step off, [ Oct. 1], to be prepared to operate flight ops."
As a result of the change in strategy, the Marine Corps now expects to have completely departed the training center in Florida by the spring of 2015, Lieblein said. The service is on pace to meet that deadline, Bachmann said.
By next spring, VMFAT-501 should have as many as 15 aircraft in its possession, although Bachmann said they may not all be physically located at MCAS Beaufort at that time. Some may be sent to the Navy's Fleet Readiness Center East depot for maintenance or modifications, while others may be required to support operational testing.
Those aircraft will mostly move over to South Carolina in the immature Block 1B configuration, which cannot support night operations nor carry weapons, among other restrictions. Those jets will all be upgraded to the marginally more capable Block 2A -- a small number are already in that mode -- and eventually to the Block 2B configuration, which the Marines have deemed sufficiently capable for IOC. Block 2B remains in flight test.
VMFAT-501 is slated to receive a handful of additional aircraft off of Lockheed Martin's production line in the coming year, and those may be delivered to Eglin AFB or straight to Beaufort depending on the Marine's transition progress, Bachmann said.
The new F-35B pilot training center is expected to produce a relatively small number of pilots in its first year -- close to 15 pilots in fiscal year 2015, Villalobos said. That should grow to around 26 in FY-16 and then jump all the way to 60 around FY-18. He said the curriculum differences between the training programs at Eglin and Beaufort should be minimal.
"When you start looking at the training system down at Eglin, it's basically a mirror reflection of what's going to be done here," he said. "We have Lockheed Martin instructor pilots that are going to teach and the software, the courseware, all the materials, are going to be the same. I think the subtle differences are now it is, obviously, a STOVL syllabus, so the curriculum is driven basically as a model manager for VMFAT-501."
One of the primary factors that will determine the pace of the transition will be the availability and qualification of maintenance personnel, all three officers agreed. Villalobos stressed that maintenance personnel will continue to be trained in Florida, not in South Carolina. And Bachmann said that part of the move would be simplified because F-35Bs are maintained under contract to Lockheed Martin in Florida, whereas they will be cared for organically by Marine Corps personnel at Beaufort. That means the service will not need to strip its maintenance unit at Eglin AFB of its people, although it will need to continue to train and mature its own maintainers.
The Marines have also had to ensure the air station's infrastructure is ready to receive the STOVL F-35B, a challenge for Beaufort because the Hornet fleet based there takes off and lands on traditional runways. Lieblein said five vertical landing pads, designed to withstand repeated vertical landings, have all been built, and a mock amphibious landing deck, for pilots to practice landing on short-deck amphibious ships, is nearly complete. VMFAT-501's first aircraft hangar, which ITP toured, is finished as well.
Two detachments of AV-8B Harriers, the only other STOVL aircraft in the Pentagon's fixed-wing inventory, have come through MCAS Beaufort to assist in evaluating those landing pads' readiness to support F-35 operations, he said.
Once flight operations commence at the base, British and American pilots will have full clearance to fly one another's aircraft, and any potential liabilities surrounding that arrangement have been worked out well in advance, Lieblein and Bachmann said. That same kind of structure will be in place at Luke AFB, where F-35A squadrons composed of American and international pilots will share access to one another's aircraft.
The Air Force is planning to declare IOC in 2016, a year behind the Marine Corps. The Navy, which does not intend to do so until late 2018 or early 2019, has yet to formally decide if and where to train its own F-35C pilots aside from Eglin. Villalobos said an environmental study to determine if Naval Air Station Lemoore, CA, can support that schoolhouse is in the works.