Are phase 3 trials typically peer reviewed? I am very dubious about this Pfizer trial’s robustness.
In order to get formal approval from FDA, they will have to publish their data. That will require peer review.
For effectiveness of vaccines, it is tolerable to have a small scale trial, especially in an urgent time like now. You will need a very large n (typically thousands to tens of thousands) for safety evaluations. Keep in mind that, to test effectiveness, you are looking for positive data. For side effects, you are looking for negative data. To find those minor but potentially serious side effects, you will need a large data set.
Also, a large data set is not always a good thing. I’m sure they have done a proper power analysis to justify their sample size (for testing effectiveness). It’s not always good to have large data set. Too many data points will give you false significance between placebo and test groups even if the differences are small and meaningless.
To be honest, I’m quite surprised by the amazing effectiveness. I’ll have to look at the actual data to see what’s going on. The key is their demographics table, typically their Table 1... How have they picked their samples...