Coronavirus 2019-2020 thread (no unsubstantiated rumours!)

Icmer

Junior Member
Registered Member
I knew you were going to use those studies.
I'm aware of the studies. Inactivate vaccines need a 3rd dose to be more effective than a 2 dose mRNA vaccine but the JAMA article has many limitations, which they even listed.

My comment on the issue of comorbidities were not addressed by you or the study. It is most likely that those with more comorbidities chose the inactivated vaccine due to its longer experience and are afraid of side effects with mRNA. Also you specifically mentioned deaths in your comment which is disingenuous. They never specified deaths. It was mainly severe disease. You can try to extrapolate but you can't make a definitive comment.

Additionally the mRNA vaccine mainly induced immunity to a specific spike protein. Any changes in that protein in a significant way will render the vaccine less useful as opposed to whole virus vaccines. Lastly mRNA is new technology. No one knows what long term effect it may have on a person. If one is elderly it may it matter as much but for those of us who are young, our risk of death from covid is already low, I would definitely prefer inactivated vaccines.
Regarding adverse effects:
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In this study, we observed that the incidences of AESIs (cumulative incidence rate of 0.06%–0.09%) and mortality following the first and second doses of CoronaVac and BNT162b2 vaccination were very low. The safety profiles of the vaccines were generally comparable, except for a significantly higher incidence rate of Bell palsy, but lower incidence rates of anaphylaxis and sleeping disturbance or disorder, following first dose CoronaVac versus BNT162b2 vaccination. Our results could help inform the choice of inactivated COVID-19 vaccines, mainly administered in low- and middle-income countries with large populations, in comparison to the safety of mRNA vaccines. Long-term surveillance on the safety profile of COVID-19 vaccines should continue.
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henrik

Senior Member
Registered Member
If 37 million are being infected daily that means that this is the fastest spreading virus in human history, way faster than measles, at that rate most people in China will be infected in the next few weeks. which is weird because the population density in China is 150 hab/km2 compared with other places in Asia is low. Maybe the Chinese are dealing with a more stealthy Omicron variant, who knows.

I think 400K for a 40-60% of the population is a reasonable number.

For China's 150 hab/km2 density, does that include sparsely populated areas?
 

MortyandRick

Senior Member
Registered Member
Here's data on mortality. It's consistently lower efficacy for inactivated, which lines up with severity data.
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Vaccine effectiveness (95% CI) against COVID-19-related mortality after two doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were 90.7% (88.6–92.3) and 74.8% (72.5–76.9) in those aged ≥65, 87.6% (81.4–91.8) and 80.7% (72.8–86.3) in those aged 50–64, 86.6% (71.0–93.8) and 82.7% (56.5–93.1) in those aged 18–50. Vaccine effectiveness against severe complications after two doses of BNT162b2 and CoronaVac were 82.1% (74.6–87.3) and 58.9% (50.3–66.1) in those aged ≥65, 83.0% (69.6–90.5) and 67.1% (47.1–79.6) in those aged 50–64, 78.3% (60.8–88.0) and 77.8% (49.6–90.2) in those aged 18–50. Further risk reduction with the third dose was observed especially in those aged ≥65 years, with vaccine effectiveness of 98.0% (96.5–98.9) for BNT162b2 and 95.5% (93.7–96.8) for CoronaVac against mortality, 90.8% (83.4–94.9) and 88.0% (80.8–92.5) against severe complications.
So this article just basically confirms what many here said, three doses of CoronoVac had the relatively the same prevention of mortality as three doses of mRNA. 98% vs 95.5% is not statistical significant and the confidence intervals overlap so from a medical perspective they are considered equal. seems like when a proper case-control study is done, there is no difference in mortality between mRNA and CoronaVac at three doses, which is what really counts.

Also from the article:

In individuals aged 18–50 years, vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related mortality remained consistently high after one to three doses of BNT162b2 [one-dose: 89.9% (38.6–98.3), two-doses: 86.6% (71.0–93.8), three-doses: 86.6% (57.9–95.7)], and increased with an increasing number of doses for CoronaVac [one-dose: 37.8% (−70.8–77.4), two-doses: 82.7% (56.5–93.1), three-doses: 93.1% (63.8–98.7)].

So it seems CoronaVav is more effective in those aged 18-50! Further supports my previous comment that as a younger person I would prefer inactivated vaccines. I wouldn’t mind taking the three required doses. Thanks for the article!

We have neutralization studies (not going to pull all of them up), which show how well vaccines can neutralize variants. They have become an accepted correlate of protection for symptomatic disease (see
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). This researcher
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has conducted many of them with blood from recipients of inactivated vaccines. They don't hold up well against variants. Other researchers haven't found a benefit over mRNA against variants in neutralization either. The T cell/cellular immunity (related to protection against severe disease/death and more durable than B cell/humoral immunity) induced by inactivated vaccines is also not higher than that of mRNA, which again is borne out by real-world data.
Sure neutralization studies can be useful but what we really care about are clinical results.
 

Quickie

Colonel
Here's data on mortality. It's consistently lower efficacy for inactivated, which lines up with severity data.
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We have neutralization studies (not going to pull all of them up), which show how well vaccines can neutralize variants. They have become an accepted correlate of protection for symptomatic disease (see
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!
). This researcher
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has conducted many of them with blood from recipients of inactivated vaccines. They don't hold up well against variants. Other researchers haven't found a benefit over mRNA against variants in neutralization either. The T cell/cellular immunity (related to protection against severe disease/death and more durable than B cell/humoral immunity) induced by inactivated vaccines is also not higher than that of mRNA, which again is borne out by real-world data.

The big problem is that the study did not break down the ≥65 years pool.

The study is using data from the Hong Kong population, the same locality as those used in the few other studies posted here previously, including those from yourself, that did break down the >= 60 years pool to a few age groups, which shows that the efficacies of the 2 types of vaccines to be about the same for 3 doses.
 

tankphobia

Senior Member
Registered Member
I'm just presenting the raw data from the JHU site as it is.

As to why Bangladesh and Cambodia have had so few deaths for the past months (or a year or so?), that will need a lot more scientific investigation to be done, something which we have still yet to see, at least even only for these 2 countries.
I mean those countries have much younger population when compared to the west or east Asia. It only makes sense that when young people get covid they are much less likely to die.

Further more underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure will lead to under reporting of illness and less severe cases will just be shrugged off as the flu.
 

Quickie

Colonel
I mean those countries have much younger population when compared to the west or east Asia. It only makes sense that when young people get covid they are much less likely to die.

Further more underdeveloped healthcare infrastructure will lead to under reporting of illness and less severe cases will just be shrugged off as the flu.

It could be those as mentioned could have an effect but still, that doesn't mean it's something to be brushed off as spurious data without further consideration.
 

MortyandRick

Senior Member
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Regarding adverse effects:
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Another great study!

This study again confirms what I have mentioned before.

From the study: “BNT162b2 recipients were generally younger and healthier than CoronaVac recipients”.

From table 1 it is clear that those who received the CoronaVac had way more history of heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, kidney failure and were on much more medications for their chronic disease than those that took the mRNA! All of those are HUGE risk factors for severe COVID symptoms and death from COVID. So this WOULD explain why there seemed like more people had severe COVID from the inactivated vaccines in the Hong Kong and Singaporean data that you posted earlier! Thanks for producing data that supports my previous comment.

Given the fact that CoronaVac side effect rate was similar to mRNA vaccine but was given to a higher risk population, makes think that if the population were the same, CoronaVac would actually have less side effects than mRNA, again sprouting what I had said about preferring Chinese vaccine. They work better in those aged 18-50 and has similar side effects rate but in a higher risk population!
 
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Icmer

Junior Member
Registered Member
I knew you were going to use those studies.
I'm aware of the studies. Inactivate vaccines need a 3rd dose to be more effective than a 2 dose mRNA vaccine but the JAMA article has many limitations, which they even listed.

My comment on the issue of comorbidities were not addressed by you or the study. It is most likely that those with more comorbidities chose the inactivated vaccine due to its longer experience and are afraid of side effects with mRNA. Also you specifically mentioned deaths in your comment which is disingenuous. They never specified deaths. It was mainly severe disease. You can try to extrapolate but you can't make a definitive comment.

Additionally the mRNA vaccine mainly induced immunity to a specific spike protein. Any changes in that protein in a significant way will render the vaccine less useful as opposed to whole virus vaccines. Lastly mRNA is new technology. No one knows what long term effect it may have on a person. If one is elderly it may it matter as much but for those of us who are young, our risk of death from covid is already low, I would definitely prefer inactivated vaccines.
Comorbidities were addressed in the HK mortality paper I posted:
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Adjusted for comorbidities (cancer, chronic kidney disease, respiratory disease, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, dementia), chronic medication use in past 90 days (renin-angiotensin-system agents, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, nitrates, lipid lowering agents, insulins, antidiabetic drugs, oral anticoagulants, antiplatelets, immunosuppressants).

So this article just basically confirms what many here said, three doses of CoronoVac had the relatively the same prevention of mortality as three doses of mRNA. 98% vs 95.5% is not statistical significant and the confidence intervals overlap so from a medical perspective they are considered equal. seems like when a proper case-control study is done, there is no difference in mortality between mRNA and CoronaVac at three doses, which is what really counts.

Also from the article:

In individuals aged 18–50 years, vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-related mortality remained consistently high after one to three doses of BNT162b2 [one-dose: 89.9% (38.6–98.3), two-doses: 86.6% (71.0–93.8), three-doses: 86.6% (57.9–95.7)], and increased with an increasing number of doses for CoronaVac [one-dose: 37.8% (−70.8–77.4), two-doses: 82.7% (56.5–93.1), three-doses: 93.1% (63.8–98.7)].

So it seems CoronaVav is more effective in those aged 18-50! Further supports my previous comment that as a younger person I would prefer inactivated vaccines. I wouldn’t mind taking the three required doses. Thanks for the article!


Sure neutralization studies can be useful but what we really care about are clinical results.

That observation regarding 18-50 mortality after 3 doses is the only time I've ever seen inactivated vaccines showing superiority over mRNA. It doesn't hold true for any of the other age groups regarding severity or mortality, or for those who received 1-2 doses. It's also not very relevant because deaths or severe cases among 18-50 are exceedingly rare among those who received 3 doses.

The big problem is that the study did not break down the ≥65 years pool.

The study is using data from the Hong Kong population, the same locality as those used in the few other studies posted here previously, including those from yourself, that did break down the >= 60 years pool to a few age groups, which shows that the efficacies of the 2 types of vaccines to be about the same for 3 doses.
In this thread I'm attempting to refute the claim that inactivated vaccines are superior. They have acceptable efficacy against severity and mortality after 3 doses. The study from Singapore suggests after 3 doses inactivated vaccines wane faster and more significantly than mRNA vaccines. So I'd hesitate to say they're on par, only that they are acceptable for surviving a few waves not long after vaccination (for those vulnerable in the first place).

My main point overall is that the rate of older age groups who received 2 doses, let alone 3 doses, is too low in China for the mortality figures currently being released to be credible or representative of the near future.

Another great study!

This study again confirms what I have mentioned before.

From the study: “BNT162b2 recipients were generally younger and healthier than CoronaVac recipients”.

From table 1 it is clear that those who received the CoronaVac had way more history of heart disease, cerebral vascular disease, peripheral vascular disease, hypertension, diabetes, kidney failure and were on much more medications for their chronic disease than those that took the mRNA! All of those are HUGE risk factors for severe COVID symptoms and death from COVID. So this WOULD explain why there seemed like more people had severe COVID from the inactivated vaccines in the Hong Kong and Singaporean data that you posted earlier! Thanks for producing data that supports my previous comment.

Given the fact that CoronaVac side effect rate was similar to mRNA vaccine but was given to a higher risk population, makes think that if the population were the same, CoronaVac would actually have less side effects than mRNA, again sprouting what I had said about preferring Chinese vaccine. They work better in those aged 18-50 and has similar side effects rate but in a higher risk population!

You are actually misinterpreting the safety study. Variations in comorbidities were specifically controlled for. This is what researchers typically do when the cohorts have such different characteristics to prevent jumping to the exact conclusions you are making.
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Various demographic and clinical characteristics of the vaccinated individuals were considered in this analysis. As reported by previous studies [
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,
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,
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], baseline covariates that were potential risk factors of AESIs were chosen. The following covariates were weighted between BNT162b2 and CoronaVac recipients for each dose (as elaborated the “Statistical analyses” section below): age, sex, any previous SARS-CoV-2 infection (defined as ever a positive result on the SARS-CoV-2 reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction [RT-PCR] test before COVID-19 vaccination), pre-existing comorbidities documented from 2018 (myocardial infarction [MI], peripheral vascular disease, cerebrovascular disease, coronary artery disease [CAD], chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, dementia, paralysis, diabetes with and without chronic complications, hypertension, chronic renal failure, mild and moderate-severe liver disease, ulcers, rheumatoid arthritis or other inflammatory polyarthropathy, acquired immune deficiency syndrome, malignancy, and metastatic solid tumor), medication use in the past 90 days (including renin–angiotensin-system agents, beta blockers, calcium channel blockers, diuretics, lipid-lowering agents, insulin, antidiabetic drugs, anticoagulants, antiplatelets, hormonal agents, antidepressants, non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, drugs for gout, antiepileptic drugs, antiviral drugs, antibacterial drugs, and immunosuppressants), venue for vaccination (community vaccination center, clinic, or other), and the time interval between the administration of the first and second doses.
The distribution of PSs in the 2 vaccine groups after each dose greatly overlapped after weighting (
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). All baseline characteristics were balanced between groups, with SMD < 0.1 after PS weighting.
 
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FairAndUnbiased

Brigadier
Registered Member
Medicine has often been used for political ends i.e. eugenics, lobotomies, etc. Most life science papers cannot be reproduced. So any claims that mRNA is superior, despite the originating country suffering 1 million deaths out of a 300 million population, should be taken with the same grain of salt that is given to any other biomedical research - regard it as up to 85% false.

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Over the recent years, there has been an increasing recognition of the weaknesses that pervade our current system of basic and preclinical research. This has been highlighted empirically in preclinical research by the inability to replicate the majority of findings presented in high-profile journals. The estimates for irreproducibility based on these empirical observations range from 75% to 90%. These estimates fit remarkably well with estimates of 85% for the proportion of biomedical research that is wasted at-large.
 
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