ISA license allows you to design your own ARM core, which is what Apple has been doing all this time and what Huawei is doing now. If you buy permanent ISA license you pay a huge upfront fee to ARM then pays a very small royalty per chip you produce. The other type of license is where you license a pre-designed core from ARM, which is what Qualcomm has been doing for Snapdragon. Qualcomm does have an ISA license but they didn't use it until very recently, when they released their own core for their latest laptop CPU. Licensing Cores means you pay a smaller upfront fee (or may be none) but has to pay a bigger cut per chip. The SoC vendors that relies on ready-made Cores from ARM now use v9 (like Snapdragon and Mediatek) because that's what ARM's newest cores use. The vendors who design own cores, like Apple and Huawei (even the latest Qualcomm's own core) still use v8, mostly because there's no urgent need for v9 on mobile SoC. What v9 adds on top of v8 is mostly to do with AI, and all of these vendors have their own dedicated AI cores to take care of it.