I already said here. Rare gases. China is the main supplier of neon gas for excimer lasers to Taiwan, South Korea, and Japan.
The other main suppliers are Russia, which is already sanctioning sales to the West of such gases, and Ukraine. Or should I say Ukraine was one of the sources. They basically scoop up the neon gas from large air filtration facilities put right next to large steelworks. One of those steelworks in Ukraine was the one at Mariupol.
There is basically no replacement for it. You can in theory recycle the neon gas to reduce its usage but few factories do this, and changing a factory which does not do this to recycle the gas would require making a new building basically. These gas recycling units have a pretty large volume from what I understand. You can't easily shoehorn them after the fact. And making new facilities to produce neon gas would take several years from what I understand.
The other main suppliers are Russia, which is already sanctioning sales to the West of such gases, and Ukraine. Or should I say Ukraine was one of the sources. They basically scoop up the neon gas from large air filtration facilities put right next to large steelworks. One of those steelworks in Ukraine was the one at Mariupol.
There is basically no replacement for it. You can in theory recycle the neon gas to reduce its usage but few factories do this, and changing a factory which does not do this to recycle the gas would require making a new building basically. These gas recycling units have a pretty large volume from what I understand. You can't easily shoehorn them after the fact. And making new facilities to produce neon gas would take several years from what I understand.