Chinese Engine Development

Blitzo

Lieutenant General
Staff member
Super Moderator
Registered Member
we'll just have to disagree there, bltizo.

I find it perfectly logical that if, for example, engine A takes 6 seconds from 10% thrust to 50% thrust and another 2 seconds from 50 to 100%, while at the same time engine B takes 3 seconds from 10% to 50% and another 2 seconds from 50 to 100% that the engine A can be seen by the user as less safe for certain operations. At the same time, thrust performance and responsiveness in actual flight is the same as engine A will always be near 50% or more while in air.

We can all guess and make up things, but at least the spool up time is a documented issue. we had that pilot mention it in 2007 precisely mentioning it as a reason why it doesnt go on j10. On the other hand, i can't find any documented examples of spool up issue being fixed. Maybe it was, sure, but there simply aren't any write ups about it.

Furthermore, once an engine is ready for production, it doesn't get fiddled with every little batch, its variant goes through many batches until the next variant is ready. Sure, production process might get changed a bit, optimized a bit, but the engine itself stays pretty much the same. Spool up time issues, as documented on other (western) engines were a product of design choices or defficiencies, usually number of sections, their weight etc. They were not little imperfections that can be solved without changing the design.

Also, seeing how both in the West and in Russia there are basically always close to 10 years between old engine variant and a new engine variant (as less time wouldn't make sense investing it, because tech hasn't progressed enough to make it worthwhile to pop out new variants every 5 years or less), i find it more likely there will have to be a 5-10 gap between ws10 variant with spool up issue and next variant without it. So if back in 2006/2007 there were still issues with it, as per that pilot interview, it seems more plausible next variant (that will hopefully have it solved) won't come out before 2013-2015. Then again we may or may not have issues with getting the production up to speed.

I don't know how many times i can reiterate may stance without totally repeating myself so this may be more or less my last write up on that.


Alright, we'll agree to disagree. I think I just find it difficult to believe they'd allow J-11B to enter in such numbers, if it was equipped with an engine that had spooling issues that would have impacted performance.

I'm not knowledgeable enough to comment on how easily spooling issues may or may not be resolved.
However I have a feeling if it were still a problem (and especially because of its service on J-11B), we'd have heard about it in the last few years.
I suppose I was interpreting no news as good news -- that's often a question that pops up with PLA watching: what's the null hypothesis?
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
Alright, we'll agree to disagree. I think I just find it difficult to believe they'd allow J-11B to enter in such numbers, if it was equipped with an engine that had spooling issues that would have impacted performance.

I'm not knowledgeable enough to comment on how easily spooling issues may or may not be resolved.
However I have a feeling if it were still a problem (and especially because of its service on J-11B), we'd have heard about it in the last few years.
I suppose I was interpreting no news as good news -- that's often a question that pops up with PLA watching: what's the null hypothesis?

Whatever the case, I'm pretty certain that the spooling issue delayed the taihang's production (whether it was the A variant or not). In other words, they resolved the spooling problem before they encountered QC problems.
 

Totoro

Major
VIP Professional
I can just say that the examples i've given (which may or may not show the correct state of things) do NOT impact combat performance in a meaningful way. j11b pilots would virtually never even get in a situation where the spool up time would be a real factor. On the other hand, spool up time can impact safety in specific situations which j11b will not get itself into but j15 will. As for j10, even though j11b can share the not so safe situations j10 can get itself into, j11b does have two engines, oftentime making it twice less likely to lose all power, therefore being safer.
 

Blitzo

Lieutenant General
Staff member
Super Moderator
Registered Member
I can just say that the examples i've given (which may or may not show the correct state of things) do NOT impact combat performance in a meaningful way. j11b pilots would virtually never even get in a situation where the spool up time would be a real factor. On the other hand, spool up time can impact safety in specific situations which j11b will not get itself into but j15 will. As for j10, even though j11b can share the not so safe situations j10 can get itself into, j11b does have two engines, oftentime making it twice less likely to lose all power, therefore being safer.


I don't know enough about engines and the demands a fighter might have on it to say whether spool up time will matter to J-11Bs or not.

However, WRT J-10, you say that it is twice less likely to "lose power" and is therefore safer -- however "losing power" doesn't have anything to do with spool time, so do we agree that spool time is not the reason (or at least main reason) for WS-10A not being on J-10s?

---

I'm going to try and break down your position into a few sentences/assumptions below, please tell me if I'm on the right track:
-Original WS-10 had spool up time issues that we knew existed at 2002, possibly until 2006-2007
-WS-10A, revised from WS-10, experienced a few production problems but fully went into production by 2009, equipping over a hundred J-11Bs since then
-Spool up time problem has not been solved because:
A: WS-10A is not equipping J-10s (it is a one engined plane as opposed to J-11B, meaning it is safer?)
B: WS-10A is not equipping J-15s (it is a carrier based aircraft where spool time is more important as opposed to J-11B?)
C: spool up time issues are simply difficult to be solved without long arduous redesign
D: we have not heard of the problem being solved

I have a problem mostly with assumptions underlying point A. Even if we do believe WS-10A has a spool time issue, the fact that it is equipping J-11Bs means it should be able to equip J-10s as well, seeing as both are land based fighters and have no need for J-15's sudden acceleration during landings. If we believe WS-10A isn't on J-10s because of a reliability/confidence issue, then that is the reason WS-10A isn't on J-10, and spool up time has nothing to do with it.

The assumption underlying point B is more reasonable, because the idea that spool up time is more intensive during lower thrust during landing sounds fair. However, a niggling issue that remains is we should have heard more about spool up time from the usual suspects if it was still such a major issue after all these years.
Furthermore, there are also a variety of other likely reasons for using Al-31 over WS-10A.


Ultimately the reason I am not drawn to this spool up problem can be summed in two routes:
1: We should still be hearing about it if it were an issue
2: I think we are using the engine's presence or therelack of, upon various aircraft, and making various guesses about said aircraft's demands for performance, to "reverse engineer" a very specific explanation (in this case, spool time being a problem for J-15 but not J-11B), which may be explained by a variety of other, equally likely explanations -- that is to say, I think the assumptions A and B are dubious at best. Basically I think too many circumstantial assumptions are being made on top of each other while we ourselves hold very little solid evidence and knowledge (in my case, knowledge about developing and re developing turbofans), to hypothesize a highly complex conclusion.
 

Totoro

Major
VIP Professional
-Original WS-10 had spool up time issues that we knew existed at 2002, possibly until 2006-2007

I don't think so. If i am correct, the original ws10 ceased with development around the end of 1990s, beginning of 2000s. WS10A must've began development earlier than 2000 because as early as 2002 it was flying on an j11 testbed. as per those links i've given.
-WS-10A, revised from WS-10, experienced a few production problems but fully went into production by 2009, equipping over a hundred J-11Bs since then

true. After it has been in development for some ten years. That's really the main point of my story. No, i can't really prove it, of course, but there are sources mentioning ws10A as early as 2002. There are sources saying chinese contracted Saylut with j10 engine back in 1992! (again, i provided a link) Meaning even back then, in the same year original ws10 first time came online, it was evident that variant wasn't going to cut it. Hence, i theoretize about early efforts (possibly through salyut) on ws10a, earlier than most people think.

-Spool up time problem has not been solved because:
A: WS-10A is not equipping J-10s (it is a one engined plane as opposed to J-11B, meaning it is safer?)

Usually i am not of opinion that twin engined planes are SO much safer because of their extra engine that they have an edge over single engined ones. but IF its true that spool up time is 50-100% longer, as per that pilot interview, that could be enough of a reason to wait a bit until new ws10 variant.

B: WS-10A is not equipping J-15s (it is a carrier based aircraft where spool time is more important as opposed to J-11B?)
Yes, when j15 is landing on the carrier.


C: spool up time issues are simply difficult to be solved without long arduous redesign
Yes, because spool up time, as far as i've managed to gather, mostly depends on mass of the system. the bigger the mass, the harder it is to move it and longer it takes to spool up. So having more elements in the turbine makes it heavier and harder to spool up. pretty much most engines now, al31 included, have two single stage turbines. (there is one exception, the f135, going back to three part turbine, but being as advanced as it is, perhaps that was a planned tradeoff that such a cutting edge engine can afford) ws10, as well as f100 and other US engines from 1970s have three turbine stages. also, there's the matter of weight of each of those subsystems. there were indications ws10a had issues with compressor being overweight in 2005. all that can add up and make the engine parts heavier and harder to turn.

D: we have not heard of the problem being solved
true, i havent read anywhere the issue is truly solved. but, if i do see a ws10 variant on j15 or j10 in service, i will consider it mostly solved. perhaps not by redesigning the turbine layout but by making parts lighter.


I have a problem mostly with assumptions underlying point A. Even if we do believe WS-10A has a spool time issue, the fact that it is equipping J-11Bs means it should be able to equip J-10s as well, seeing as both are land based fighters and have no need for J-15's sudden acceleration during landings. If we believe WS-10A isn't on J-10s because of a reliability/confidence issue, then that is the reason WS-10A isn't on J-10, and spool up time has nothing to do with it.

Again, why then the pilot interview who explicity said spool up was reason why j10 didnt get the engine yet.? j10 may still need sudden acceleration after restarting a problematic engine, since its the only engine it has. j11 may restart one engine while enjoying the full, uninterrupted thrust of the other engine. that's why it might be regarded as safer.




Ultimately the reason I am not drawn to this spool up problem can be summed in two routes:
1: We should still be hearing about it if it were an issue
2: I think we are using the engine's presence or therelack of, upon various aircraft, and making various guesses about said aircraft's demands for performance, to "reverse engineer" a very specific explanation (in this case, spool time being a problem for J-15 but not J-11B), which may be explained by a variety of other, equally likely explanations -- that is to say, I think the assumptions A and B are dubious at best. Basically I think too many circumstantial assumptions are being made on top of each other while we ourselves hold very little solid evidence and knowledge (in my case, knowledge about developing and re developing turbofans), to hypothesize a highly complex conclusion.

one never knows with chinese. some stuff is reported, some isn't. chinese programmes are bound to be beset with issues, just like any other development programmes in the world. but the media system reporting them just doesnt exist in china in the same manner as it does in US, where we hear about every little screwup on LCS, JSF, etc etc. It doesn't mean one is superior over the other. one just gets reported way, way more.

Also, good news tends to be reported more by closed media like chinese. But so far we have not heard anything about spool up issue after it was still present in 2007. what is more likely - that the problem was rectified but not reported on? or that there wont be a report until there's something good to report on? i'd go with the latter.

There is little solid evidence, that's true. But what tiny bit of circumstantial evidence there is points against spool up qualities, while there's zero mention of that being solved so far.

i really hope all this will be behind us with some new variant. perhaps as early as this year. whatever may or mayve not happened before won't matter then anymore.
 

Blitzo

Lieutenant General
Staff member
Super Moderator
Registered Member
Hmm I think we've both stated our positions, not much else to really say.

For my part, I'm going to keep an open mind that spool time might be a reason why WS-10A isn't on J-10 and J-15 (the logic behind spool time interacting with engine reliability for a single engined aircraft is sound).

However, a lot of it is still very circumstantial imho, I also think a little too much weight is being put on the pilot's interview (namely, it can be interpreted in quite a few ways -- for instance, is the spooling issue related to safety during engine restart perhaps, or more for combat maneuvers?), and also there's the question of whether no news = good news or no news = bad news.
 

Totoro

Major
VIP Professional
Yeah, I hope we haven't bored the other members of the forum to death. :D But it's always interesting to read different views on a topic. I really hope we'll get more bits of info soon. That longer nozzled ws10 engine on j11 is a really curious beast. While it could be just a small modification of the nozzle itself, it could also be a sign of comprehensive set of changes, perhaps pointing out to a whole new variant. J10 variant, with different gearbox, could then follow suit fairly shortly.
 

latenlazy

Brigadier
Anybody seen this video?

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That was a few weeks back. There was also a thread that discussed China's TVC research around that time that I have bookmarked. Had trouble reading it with all the technical jargon, but suffice to say it only confirms what we already knew, that China has the know-how to install TVC for a while now.
 

by78

General
Anybody seen this video?
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It appears to be a different design from the previously known one:

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dIKiA_zps1faf23d7.gif
 
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