The reality is that the world, led by moves in the US and EU, is becoming more protectionist. It may not ever get as bad as the Age of Mercantilism when countries actively blocked trade except between their colonies and so every great power was incentivized to colonize as much as possible, but still trends are shifting.
The question is what is China doing or should be doing to adapt and exploit this new reality.
You can see that today there are 3 concentrations of economic wealth and industrial activity, namely:
1. Europe (centred around the EU)
2. North America (centred on the USA)
3. East Asia (centred on China)
Each can be relatively self-sufficient because of their size in terms of population, natural resources, economic/industrial activity etc.
But we can already see that East Asia is already significantly larger than either Europe or North America. Furthermore, this lead should continue to grow.
Overall, the world outside of the West accounts for 88% of global population and 60% of global economic activity.
And as time goes, this non-Western share will continue to increase, to 70% and potentially to 80+% of global economic activity.
If China becomes wealthy and developed, then China by itself would be significantly larger than the US and EU combined.
So the US and the EU become increasingly irrelevant in the global scheme of things.
Those countries which embrace low-cost electricity generation and low-cost EVs from China will be able to outcompete the other countries such as the USA which block Chinese imports.
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Overall, the strategy is to:
1. move up the value chain and develop world-class products. If China becomes hi-tech, won't China be high-income as well?
2. continue domestic economic development. That results in higher wages, a larger economy and is the basis of all other power.