The financial sector intermediates between savers/investors in the real economy and borrowers in the real economy and are broadly mutually reinforcing; I’m not sure there’s a need to draw a distinction between the two.
That's not true, basically, it is mostly through IPO that
companies themselves, aka. "real economy" get the capital through equity financing.
This year China had much better IPO results than the US, and that's in the USD:
The largest market for IPOs in 2023 was China, raising $45.3bn, including 3 of the top 10 IPOs, followed by the US ($24bn) and India ($6.6bn) in second and third place respectively.
Whereas everything that happens after that, collective 401k channeling into the stock market makes existing shareholders richer and richer.
Secondary dilutive offerings of new shares are very rare because they lower the holdings value of the holders of already existing shares.
Whereas, in China, for example, companies and the real economy get much better value from peoples' investments in state bank savings accounts lent as strategic loans.
Even though here also the real economy doesn't get everything due to banking risk management regulation, the real economy probably gets way more.
I'm not talking about how they raise the real wages over time if invested in emerging high-value-added industries, but also how they have managed to build housing and social infrastructure at a record pace until now.
I think that China's approach is way superior if you want to run a
country but not some oligarch, pirate-based, rent-seeking cabal like the US is.
And while China has the scale advantage in industry/manufacturing, if China had absolute advantages in industry/manufacturing, why is it today that US EXPORT controls end up determining the path of Chinese industrial development (and being the talk of everyone for years - if the U.S. was actually behind in manufacturing.
Who cares about who talks about what, my friend? You take retarded ordered Orwellian CIA media articles like something of some value, wtf?
Export controls on manufactured items shouldn’t be material) and why are U.S. industrial corporates the world’s largest? Intel, Microsoft, ThermoFisher, Pfizer, GE. and Apple are all industrial and/or manufacturing firms. If the U.S. lacked manufacturing depth, why is it that the U.S. is able to extract substantial industrial profits from cpu manufacturing, GPU manufacturing, aircraft engines, medical devices, pharmaceuticals, etc among others?
Largest by what? The US companies certainly have the largest market caps in nearly any industry on the planet due to world-class financial engineering in the US, money printing, decades of low-interest rates, different policies regarding investing in equity markets, way more share buybacks, way friendlier policy toward oligarchs and major shareholders, etc. Btw, CPU and GPU in the US are mostly about design, if you wanna talk about manufacturing, it is TSMC that mostly manufactures stuff.
Yes, China has an "absolute advantage" in manufacturing, as it was shown to you already a few days ago in this study and many others: