Pakistan sees growing investment by China
New city 100km from Karachi, the financial capital, likely to draw much Chinese interest
by Ashraf Khan
04:45 AM Jan 10, 2013
KARACHI - It was once a small fishing town on Pakistan's south-west coast, notable only because of a local legend that Alexander the Great stayed at its coast while retreating to Greece after his attack on the Indian subcontinent was fended off.
Gwadar, which lies along the mouth of the Persian Gulf in the Arabian Sea, has now been transformed into a site for a deep-sea port. Work began in 2002 at the cost of US$400 million (S$490 million), a major chunk of which was funded by China.
An insurgency of ethnic Balochs in the restive of Balochistan, where the port is located, led to the deaths of three Chinese engineers after an attack in 2004. But China remained committed to finishing the project, which some analysts and political scientists say points to the advent of a "new Great Game" or battle for influence in Central Asia.
Some 700km east of Gwadar, a new mega project that envisages the development of a city along the marshy southern coast is also likely to attract big Chinese investment. The new city of Zulfiqarabad is the brainchild of President Asif Ali Zardari.
Some 4,000 sq km of land have been earmarked near Keti Bandar, a coastal town in south-eastern Thatta district. The city is named after late Prime Minister Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto, who was known for sporting a Mao cap and pioneering the Sino-Pakistan friendship.
There are plans for hotels, seaside resorts and high-speed trains in the proposed city that might be less than 100km east of the port city of Karachi, the financial capital.
Mr Zardari and his Chinese counterpart, Mr Hu Jintao, witnessed the signing of a memorandum of understanding in July aimed at developing a special economic zone in the proposed city.
The understanding was reached at the sidelines of the Shanghai Cooperation Organisation summit last year. Chinese entrepreneurs would, under the agreement, act as advisers, consultant, facilitators as well as investors.
"Since long, China has invested in a big way in the region including Pakistan, Sri Lanka and Nepal," said Professor Moonis Ahmar, an eminent scholar and analyst who heads the International Relations Department at state-run Karachi University.
"But their investment in Pakistan is quite different in strategic and economic terms," he added, referring to Chinese investment in infrastructure projects in Gwadar and in the Karakoram Highway, which connects China and Pakistan, as well as Chinese help in developing Pakistan's nuclear power projects and military industries.
Pakistan's state-run Board of Investment data says that around 83 Chinese companies and corporations run businesses in the country.
These companies have been engaged in a number of large projects in the energy sector, mining, electronic and telecommunications and infrastructure projects.
In the fiscal year ended in June, the terror-hit country received meagre foreign investment of US$812 million, of which China alone contributed US$201 million, a quarter of the total.
"Whether it's with the democratic government or military regime, our relations with China have always been good," Mr Sartaj Aziz, a former Foreign and Finance Minister of Pakistan told TODAY.
GREAT GAME
Many believe Gwadar port could one day become a major trade and energy hub, serving as an energy corridor for Iran, South and Central Asian states, western China and Russia, and that it would be irresistible for the United States to keep itself away from this "new Great Game".
Currently lying almost idle due to outstanding issues between stakeholders, the deep-sea port of Gwadar has enormous potential to help boost Pakistan's strategic importance and China's ability to reach new markets.
"Their investment at Gwadar port is quite significant for them as it gives China accessibility to the Arabian Sea," Dr Ahmar said.
Some analysts believe that the US has been worried about the rapidly growing influence of China in the region. They say the Pentagon fears that China could monitor US naval movements in the Persian Gulf by possibly turning Gwadar into its naval base.
But investment-centric analysts shrugged off such theories.
"I don't think China has been interested in any military or naval base outside its own country, there is none so far," said Mr Zia Banday, a senior executive of Pakistani-China Investment Company.
Dr Ahmar agreed, noting that "China has been using a soft path to increase its influence and outreach in the region instead of military force".
Nevertheless, a huge trading bloc may emerge - from China to neighbouring countries and Russia - once peace returns to war-torn Afghanistan after the withdrawal of American and North Atlantic Treaty Organization forces next year.
Roads already connect the western Chinese province of Xinjiang with Pakistan through the Karakoram Highway. It would run from north to west, through Gwadar and further west to Kandahar in Afghanistan and then Turkmenistan and Russia - tapping the historic Silk Road which helped develop the civilisations of China, India, Iran, Middle East and Europe.
"Once Afghanistan is politically stable, there will be a new horizon of growth, economic development and cooperation in the region," said Mr Aziz, the former Pakistani Foreign Minister.