China’s bold new Five Year Plan
Some clippings
China’s urbanisation has lagged behind its pace of economic development. Presently, 60 per cent of residents live in cities. The government plans to increase China’s urbanisation rate to 75–80 per cent over the next 15 years.
Despite China’s centralised political system, it has the most decentralised fiscal system in the world. Local government spending accounts for 85 per cent of total government spending. Accordingly, China’s social security and other welfare programs are fragmented, often operating at the county level. This fragmented system greatly hampers the sustainability of China’s social security system and impedes free mobility of labour across regional borders.
To make China’s pension system sustainable, the country needs to raise the retirement age, particularly for women. The current retirement ages are 50 and 55 years, respectively, for female and male blue-collar workers, and 55 and 60 years, respectively, for female and male white-collar workers. These were set in the 1950s when China’s life expectancy was barely above 60.
Accelerated urbanisation means that China’s energy consumption will greatly increase over the next 15 years. Fossil fuels, mostly coal, still account for 80 per cent of China’s energy mix. China must drastically increase energy efficiency. Government agencies have already taken action, with plans for carbon trading and green finance being rolled out.