Re: Chinese Daily Photos, Videos & News of 2013!!!
I believe the first day of the lunar new year is considered the first day of Spring that why it is called Spring Festival. You might feel strange; it is exactly in winter, so cold, extremely cold, Spring is still far away. (below is just my personal opinion): You might need to reverse the clock back to the ancient time when human first celebrate Spring Festival. I believe at that time Spring Festival was celebrated right on the first day of Spring (first day of Spring is still very cold, right?). However, the lunar calendar system doesn't move consistently with the nature, and after thousands of years the Spring Festival become in the middle of Winter.
Actually the original spring festival in China was not celebrated at the beginning of the Chinese year, it was celebrated at the solar term/"JieQi" (节气) of "LiChun" (立春). LiChun in Chinese means the establishment of spring, and it is defined by when the sun reaches a celestial longitude of 315 degrees. Technically speaking this is the time that spring actually starts, it is always in sync with actual seasonal change because season itself is defined by the angle of the sun relative to earth's rotation.
To summarize the situation, there are two components in the Chinese lunisolar calendar: one is the 24 solar terms/"JieQi" which are determined by solar cycles and tells people the change of seasons, the other is the months and days determined by lunar cycles - the change in moon phases (in Chinese "yue" 月 means both month and moon). The problem is that lunar cycles are not completely in sync with solar cycles, so the 24 solar terms/JieQi are not associated with a fixed date in a year in the Chinese calendar, they simply jump around. LiChun is always close to the end/beginning of the Chinese year, but a Chinese year could be 354 days or 384 days long (leap year with 13 months), which means that in some years there will be two LiChun and in some years there will be none! As time passes, the meaning of the spring festival becomes less agricultural and more social-cultural, as a result more and more people find it annoying to celebrate spring festival sometimes twice a year and sometimes not at all during a year, it is easier (lazier?) to celebrate it together with the Chinese new year. This is why the spring festival doesn't occur at the same time when spring actually starts.
By the way, the Chinese lunisolar calendar doesn't drift after thousands of years. It only differs from the Gregorian calendar because it uses leap month instead of leap day. Leap month will always be added periodically to keep it in sync with the tropical year, so the maximum "error" between season and dates in the Chinese calendar will not be more than 30 days.