Quickie
Colonel
COMAC is now sanctioned.
Looks like the orange one has gone bonkers in his last days in office.
Time to sell your Boeing and GE shares.
COMAC is now sanctioned.
Aerospace Hiwing develops high-temperature titanium alloy AM powder for China’s aerospace industry
Aerospace Hiwing (Harbin) Titanium Industrial Co., Ltd (AHTi), Harbin, Heilongjiang, China, a specialist in titanium material R&D and manufacturing, as well as the design, manufacturing and service of high-end titanium alloy products, has developed a high-temperature titanium alloy for use in Laser Beam Powder Bed Fusion (PBF-LB) Additive Manufacturing.
With the rapid expansion of the civil aerospace industry in China, the demand for specialised, high-temperature titanium alloys has become a critical challenge for key component development such as aerospace engines and spacecraft. In order to achieve optimised thrust–weight ratio, specialised titanium alloys are increasingly used in parts including engine compressor discs, blades, blisks, rotors, housing and intake pipes.
The need for weight reduction and high performance in these applications place higher demands on the operating temperatures of titanium alloys — other challenges in aerospace component development, including complex structures and faster development iterations, also challenge the established manufacturing process.
TA32 titanium alloy, with the composition Ti-5.5Al-3.5Sn-3Zr-1Mo-0.5Nb-0.7Ta-0.3Si, is a novel α-type high-temperature material developed in China. It offers high tolerance for operating temperatures of up to 550℃, and short-term tolerance up to 600℃, as well as good comprehensive mechanical properties such as tensile, fatigue and creep strength, making it an ideal alternative material for steel or nickel-base superalloy components.
AHTI, with its background in titanium material development and grounding in the aerospace industry, observed the emerging market for TA32 and the growth of metal AM as an ideal advanced manufacturing solution for high-temperature applications.
The company has been a customer of Farsoon Technologies, Changsha, Hunan, China, since 2018, when it invested in Farsoon’s PBF-LB machines at its facility for the engineering, process development and rapid prototyping of TA32 alloy components.
TA32 titanium alloy production uses an advanced cold crucible vacuum induction melting and air atomisation technology (VIGA-CC) to produce high-performance powders with high efficiency and a high yield of fine particles. After testing, the TA32 powder is said to offer excellent material properties such as high purity, high sphericity, high fluidity and high bulk density.
The physical properties of the material were also tested, revealing a 36 μm median particle size d50, a bulk density of 2.4 g/cm3 and a Hall flow rate of 45 s/50 g – all well suited for the PBF-LB process.
AHTi reportedly took advantage of the robust and open architecture of the Farsoon FS271M machine, including the ‘parameter-editor’ included in the company’s software, to accelerate its material processing development cycles with the development of customised TA32 processing parameters.
Using the parameter-editor, AHTi application engineers were also able to carry out a series of tests in which they controlled the laser energy density within the build chamber in order to determine the optimal processing parameters for producing TA32 parts.
Metallographic analysis of the TA32 parts produced in the Farsoon FS271M are said to show a fine crystal grain structure, without defects such as cracks or holes. The mechanical properties of the parts were further tested and shown to offer excellent tensile strength, flexibility and plasticity under high operation temperatures of 500℃, 550℃ and 600℃.
Something the domestic sourcing analysis misses is that the amount of foreign components in the C919 isn’t from a lack of domestic capability, but a strategic commercial decision to reduce regulatory compliance burdens in order to get the plane to market faster.This is honestly so ridiculous. Building high-end large commercial aircraft is the pinnacle of high-technology and systems engineering development. You don't get much higher than that. I read all 3 of their reports and articles and there are so many flaws to it.
The assumption that China should have already made so much progress by now (with a per capita GDP 1/4th the Western European average and 1/6th the American average) that they should be barely behind the US/EU in aviation is hilariously dumb. What are they thinking? If China had already caught up by now in aviation then what would there even be left to catch up on? You can assume that when China does catch up to and even surpass the overall aviation technology of the Western world, that it would have already surpassed the Western world in almost every other technological achievement long before that day.
This is going to be one of the last things to go. Probably even after China has caught up in the semiconductor industry, say by 2030, it will still be behind in aviation. Using the highest standard, the last goalpost China will probably reach before being able to claim tech superiority in virtually all realms, and saying they haven't made major strides in catching up in this last-to-go industry, is disingenuous and ignorant. How can they think building a modern aviation industry with hundreds of diverse airplanes of multiple different categories, produced every year, can happen in 20 years from a base of nothing???
It's like if they produced a report that says: Breaking news, we just checked IMF and World Bank numbers for 2020 and China is STILL significantly behind the United States in per capita income and per capita living standards. Even when you adjust for PPP they are still behind! Wow! They will never catch up if they are still behind today.
The somewhat secondary claim of these reports is that China hasn't even narrowed the gap. Yea man totally. Even if ARJ21 and C919 are complete garbage (and that's obviously extreme exaggeration but let's assume they are), then China still learned a hell of a lot about building modern airliners, integrating components together, assembling them, learning the rules, regulations, procedures, and techniques of building modern airliners, and even innovating some new ones that China didn't previously have. China went from 0 domestic airplane competitors in 2005 to 2 domestic competitors, which even if they won't compete internationally they will be bought at minimum by the hundreds in China (the biggest aviation market in the world). And now China has at least 2 more domestic commercial aircraft on the drawing board, which are obviously going to be more advanced, reliable, safer, quicker to produce, etc.
When you improve from a low base things look to the layman that they are not changing much. Going from being, say, at 0.1% of overall US and European commercial capability in 2005, to 2% in 2020, doesn't look like much of a difference. But they fail to understand what exponential growth looks like. That number could become 15% in 2030, 50% in 2040, etc.
Now, back to the poor reality of Chinese aviation technology today. Of all the components that make up the C919, 17% are Chinese.
They used that number as one of the central tenants to their argument that China isn't catching up. The ARJ21 was the first serious plane China has produced commercially. The number of Chinese parts that make up that airplane is close to 0%. It first flew in 2008, a small regional jet, almost no Chinese components, not greatly designed, etc.
Fast forward 8.5 years after that in 2017 with the C919, and you have a much larger jet, almost 20% of components were Chinese, and if still supposedly poorly designed apparently far less so than the ARJ21. With each iteration, China is improving orders of magnitude. Unfortunately clean-sheet new aircraft are not produced every year like graphics cards or automobiles, so you can't just say that because there has been no obvious progress in the 3 years that the gap hasn't narrowed.
You'll believe that until suddenly, bam, China has in 2025 or something an entirely new plane, bigger, safer, more reliable, more advanced, easier to produce, etc. than the C919. And so on.
Something the domestic sourcing analysis misses is that the amount of foreign components in the C919 isn’t from a lack of domestic capability, but a strategic commercial decision to reduce regulatory compliance burdens in order to get the plane to market faster.