>Meanwhile, analysts caution that China is likely to load only some of its silos with missiles, and only some of those may be nuclear-tipped.
Ah yes, the famous conventional DF-41.
What I want to know is the growth of the mobile force. How many new DF-41 TELs are we inducting. The harping about those 300 silos grows old. Even if they were all loaded with DF-41s and China completed the early warning system today, the survivability isn't great.
, stealth cruise missiles, depressed trajectory SLBMs etc. are all conceivable threats that might defeat LoW.
China has over two dozen ship based "early warning". The older generations of land based early warning radars have been decommissioned and are being replaced but there are plenty of functioning land based ones. I suspect even long range SAM radars are capable of some early warning. Okay depressed trajectory missiles and stealth cruise missiles are much more effective at getting through early warning, particularly through the poles since there are no PLAN Type 346x units covering huge swatches of the airspace and typical orbits used by ballistic missiles. But a launch scale that is aimed at defeating LoW and for decapitation strike is exceptionally dangerous if there are any miscalculations or anything goes wrong. If it fails, the US will not achieve defeat of LoW and decapitation of political and military leadership case, there would be some equivalent Dead Hand switch in place to launch all missiles.
Clearly China is concerned enough to perform a serious expansion of nuclear forces. Forgoing a well designed and prepared LoW and Dead Hand switch is impossible since these are the most important and easiest aspects to get right compared to the arsenal of weapons, countermeasures, and counter-countermeasures.
Both China and the US rely more on space and sea based early warning sensor networks for this. Cruise missiles have extremely limited range compared to ballistic missiles. If there are dozens of US destroyers and/or cruisers sailing withing even 3000km range of China's coast, not only would they have been detected and tracked ages before that but clearly something is up and planned?
So far the precedent is the US sails as many as up to three CBGs near to China. That's nowhere near enough to launch a few hundred nuclear armed cruise missiles and if as many ships are sailing closer, all nuclear forces have long been at hair trigger alert.
If all your early warning systems are simultaneously shut down or attacked, again it's clear something's up and all nuclear forces are either on hair trigger alert if not ready to launch at the push of a button and within seconds of receiving confirmation commands.
Cruise missiles need to be carried by highly visible/detectable platforms.
Depressed trajectory SLBMs have extremely limited range and the launches are also extremely visible to space based sensors and also still visible to sea based sensors. China will soon have 30 Type 052C and 052D along with 7 Type 055. Type 001 and 002 both have Type 346 based radars. I don't think a single SLBM launch could escape the detection and tracking of even one of those nearly 40 units, each with multiple sets of Type 346x. That's if the many space based sensors are taken out or disrupted somehow (which again indicates imminent attack).
Then you have land based early warning systems if all others fail.