No. Randomness in the risk factors being studied, the exact questions of what is being measured, among others. Tobacco use and alcohol use are clearly more severe in the U.S. but the point was it’s a random collection of risk factors that’s the topic of discussion.
So due to the risk factors being random, that means the results aren't meaningful, and if the results aren't meaningful then neither is your original plot showing a decrease in the US. After all, the risk factors are random and could be changing so the decrease could reflect good or bad risk factors, right?
But the greater academic performance of Chinese kids is very meaningful indeed.
Individuals can’t eat market shares and technological laggards still get spillovers from technological leaders. So it’s still, not a zero-sum game.
It's not a zero-sum game if you're looking for improvement in absolute life quality but American politicians don't care about that; they want competitive dominance and for that, it is very much a zero sum game.
Graduate degree holding STEM workers are supermajority US-born and this even ignores multiple reasons, unrelated to ability, for why foreign-born individuals are overrepresented in doctoral degree holders which include
1. Substantial immigrant under-matching in employment due to employer unfamiliarity, cultural unfamiliarity and language barriers
2. Various educational requirements for legally staying in U.S. that do not apply for citizens
3. Opportunity costs (lost wages, lost professional connections, etc) associated with pursuing graduate degrees that are substantially lower for immigrants
4. Having social/professional/family networks in home metro areas that would cease to have value if individuals moved to a different metropolitan area for graduate degrees
5. less of a need U.S.-born individuals to signal their capabilities with a degree since they have existing networks that can land them employment, without degrees.
Like I said, if you wanted to bring up your old defeated points, in which I already showed you that the further onto the speartip, the more foreigners (or actually very specific foreigners like Chinese) dominate, you should go back to my post which you ran away from and failed to respond to, and take it from there. What you are doing is abandoning arguments you lose, and just spitting them back out randomly again as if they had never been discussed before.
The entire premise is somehow that for the ~2% US undergraduate degree earners that end up pursuing PhDs, the performance scale is so discontinuous that the the 95-97th percentile of individuals will not be able to pursue a PhD. It’s quite ridiculous; especially since there is no such discontinuity anywhere else - whether of US firms, metropolitan areas, or municipal governments.
Discontinuity of what? It's demonstrated in the field that the top performers in STEM fields in the US are dominated by foreigners. Whether or not you think its ridiculous has nothing no bearing on that reality.
There are a substantial number of U.S. software publishers and tech companies which are globally competitive and have their employees concentrated in geographies without many PhD holders - ex. Fiserv (Brookfield, WI); Citrix (Ft. Lauderdale, FL); Snowflake (Bozeman, MT); Micron Tech (Boise, ID); Cerner (Kansas City, MO); Global Payments (Atlanta, GA) -> all of which point to suggesting US STEM talent is broadly geographically distributed and abundant for producing competitive firms.
Yeah... reliant on foreign talent at the top. This addresses nothing.
Even assuming it’s true (it’s not)
(oh it is)
- US PhD earners in the 1990s were supermajority U.S.-born (esp. in mechanical engineering/chemical engineering/biology for the oil field, biotech, etc innovation) management itself is critical for firm success and/or failure (
).
1. Today is not 1990; we're talking about moving trends
2. US born still includes a lot of minorities who have less and less reason to identify as American, particularly the all-important Chinese group.
Record H1-B and immigration backlogs
The number of Chinese scientists one can attract and retain is all that matters.
And don't forget, in a power struggle which the US wishes to be in, it's a competitive zero sum game.
and the largest number of STEM degrees ever issued (both numerically and as a percentage of the birth cohort)?
The largest maybe, but the growth is in foreigners.