Here's some historical context about the hostilities between the USA and USSR:
Two US Presidents falsely declared that Americans never have fought Russians or Soviets in battle.
In fact, the USA intervened militarily in the Russian Civil War by sending about 13000 soldiers
(5000 landing in Arkhangelsk and 8000 in Vladivostok) to fight against the Reds.
The USA also attacked Soviet forces during the Second World War.
In 1944 Yugoslavia, American pilots misidentified advancing Soviet troops as retreating German troops.
The Americans immediately proceeded to attack and kept doing so for perhaps about an hour or so, killing
Lieutenant General Grigory Petrovich Kotov. the commander of the 6th Guards Rifle Corps.
In _P-38 Lightning in Action_, an American P-38 Lightning pilot said that he regarded the attack as the most successful
ever for his unit. To his astonishment, the 'enemy' troops did not fire back with flak. Why would the enemy be so helpless?
The reason was the Soviets were advancing without flak because they did not expect to be attacked by the Luftwaffe.
News of the 'dream' target quickly spread. More and more American aircraft joined the 'feeding frenzy' of strafing.
This American fighter pilot (proudly) claimed that his unit inflicted at least 500 fatalities, though that seems to be exaggerated.
Then the Americans noticed aircraft approaching from the East. Although heavily outnumbered, some Yak-3 fighters
were responding to appeals for aid by the Soviet forces on the ground. The American P-38s quickly attacked the Yak-3s.
According to this American, a Yak-3 (bravely) intentionally flew closely in front (making it a perfect target) of a P-38 and
waggled its wings. The P-38 was about to blast the Yak-3 into oblivion when the American pilot noticed the Soviet insignia.
"Red Star! My God, it's a Russian! Maybe there are Russians down there? Attention, all aircraft, we might be fighting Russians.
Disengage as soon as you can and return to base until we can get this sorted out."
When this American pilot returned to base, he reported that 'all hell had broken loose'. The cover-up already had begun.
The American pilots were ordered to be separated from everyone else and never to speak about what had happened.
The Americans were interrogated, their testimonies were compared and adjusted until the USAAF 'got its story straight'.
This American pilot later said that he and his colleagues really had about no regret for killing Soviets because they
already (in 1944) regarded the USSR as a likely future enemy.
This American pilot smugly claimed that the American pilots and aircraft were clearly far superior to Soviet pilots and aircraft.
As a historian, I would say that the average American fighter pilot was better trained than the average Soviet pilot.
But the best Soviet pilots (in the elite Guards units) were as skilled as the best American pilots.
Some veteran German pilots regarded the Soviet Guards units as the best units that they ever fought against.
I would prefer to fly a Yak-3 rather than a P-38 in a low altitude dogfight, though the P-38 was better in other ways.
Flying a Yak-3, Alexander Koldunov (a top ace) was credited with shooting down three P-38s in this encounter.
"Nine Soviet Yak-3 and an unidentified number of US P-38 fighters participated in the battle, which lasted for about another 15 minutes.
According to American author Glenn Bows, four Yaks and two Lightnings were lost, while Russian sources state that three Yaks and
four P-38s had been destroyed. Joko Drecun, a
officer who was based at Niš airport at the time, wrote in his diary that the
Americans lost seven planes and the Soviets lost three."
The USA apologized to the USSR. The Soviets were not impressed, suspecting that the apology was insincere.
The Soviets demanded that the local USAAF commander face a court-martial, but that, of course, never happened.
Instead, the USAAF transferred him to another post, and he continued his career without this blemish on his record.