The entire Turkish MRLS and ballistic missile lineage until very recently was Chinese in design...Or Soviet 2k25 krasnopol. All of them have very similar layout, four fins front and back, even the shapes of the fins and deployment mechanism. I don't think similarity means anything about cooperation. FC-31 looks very similar to F-22, but that does not mean China and US worked together.
Wasn't China's sale of MRLS and Ballistic missile to Turkey "coincided" with CV Varyag purchase and passage through Bosporus and Dardanelles? I don't think that can be called willing cooperation. The thing around Varyag passage is still a thing that upsets many Chinese to this day. Of course the government isn't run by emotions but the happening isn't an encouragement.
And then they kept that obvious win-win cooperation with the BP-12.... errr I mean Bora ballistic missile...
If there is any foreign assistance, it is most likely from Ukraine as the Kraspnol is from USSR, Ukraine must have many of them and know very well inside out. And the military cooperation between Ukraine and Turkey is well-known.
Chinese-Turkish arms development is a love-hate relationship. Started with the tug-of-war (pun intended) to allow the Varyag through the straits, ended up in a comprehensive cooperation spanning rockets, missiles, aircraft design inspiration (KE/J-20) and electronics till this day...
Take it with or without a grain of salt
