So, if Russia is not going to use their bomber superiority, then what will be their next move?
Russian Long Range Aviation is the only part of Russian Air Force that actually performs well in this war. Considering all the constraints and limitations and institutional and technical problems there's nothing more that LRA can do.
LRA is not USAF Global Strike Command with general purpose bombers but a
facilitator of tactical nuclear deterrent. Everything else comes second. Russian strategic bombers also fill the gap between limitations of Russian navy and Moscow's ambition for global power projection. Where USA sends a Carrier Strike Group Russia sends Tu-160 or Tu-95.
The bombers are also used differently. American bombers are exchangeable in most conventional missions. Russian bombers have fundamentally different roles.
Tu-160 is a global power projection tool due to its payload, range and speed. It can carry up to
12 Kh-55/101 or 24 Kh-15 (300km range) missiles internally on two rotary launchers. All
16 Tu-160 are based in Engels in Saratov Oblast north of the Caspian Sea. Recently a modernization program has been started to upgrade all Tu-160s to Tu-160M2 standard and 10 additional new aircraft were ordered. The official plan is for 50 new aircraft to bring the total to 66.
Tu-95 is the workhorse of LRA due to lack of sufficient numbers of Tu-160. It has decent range but limited payload. It can only carry missiles on a single rotary launcher (6 Kh-55 or 12 Kh-15) and on eight underwing pylons for a total of
14 missiles. Kh-55 can be carried internally or externally but Kh-101 only externally due to size difference. Kh-22/32 can only be carried externally. There are three regiments (squadrons) of Tu-95MS - one in Engels and two in Ukrainka in Amur Oblast with approx
42 Tu-95MS (varies depending on the source). Additionally Naval Aviation uses 22 Tu-142 MRA's which are derived from the same platform and share logistics. The Tu-95MS will be modernized to MSM standard with new radar, combat and navigation system.
Tu-22M3 is the gap-filler kept in service due to tactical requirement for a number of available launch platforms. Tu-22M3 can carry Kh-15 internally and three Kh-22/32 externally. It is the only bomber that carries free-fall bombs. Nominally there are approx.
60 Tu-22M2 in service but only about 30 are to be modernized to M3M standard that unifies engines and other components with Tu-16M2 and adds additional 10-15 years of service life. One regiment (squadron) is stationed in Engels and two or three in Ukrainka in the Far East.
Engels is the primary LRA base. Ukrainka is more local with far east and naval operations in focus.
Despite the higher nominal numbers there's only approximately 15 Tu-160, 42 (3x14) Tu-95MS and 42-45 (3x14-15) Tu-22M3 in actual service. Including readiness which is probably at around 50% at any given time you have approximately:
- 7 Tu-160 (12 Kh-55/101) - max. 84 Kh-55/101
- 20 Tu-95 (14 Kh-55 or 8 Kh-101) - max. 280 Kh-55 or 160 Kh-101
- 20 Tu-22M3 (3 Kh-22/32) - max. 60 Kh-22
If you think this is a significant number of conventional payload I direct you to my thread on Desert Storm where I compiled numbers from the Gulf War Air Power Survey and GAO reports.
The following is a collection of maps, tables and quotations from publicly available sources with heavy emphasis on Government Accountability Office's report "Operation Desert Storm - Evaluation of the Air Campaign". I divided the whole set into five posts: air superiority over Iraq -...
www.sinodefenceforum.com
Compare the number of airstrikes and amount of payload in that operation with what is being done over Ukraine and you'll see why strategic bombers are not the solution. They never were one to begin with. That's why the first think tanks in the US were funded by aerospace companies to convince DC that "air power wins wars".
If over a hundred of Su-34s, Su-30s and Su-24s carrying 1/4 to 1/2 of the regular payload of a Tu-95MS or Tu-22M3 can't do it, then why would a handful of tactical nuclear platforms lobbing conventional cruise missiles be a game-changer? It's easier, faster and cheaper to fix a broken sub-station than to build the couple of long-range missiles that are required to put it out of operation.
There are very few targets i Ukraine that would be worth the trade-off ad Ukraine can survive without them until Russia runs out of cruise missiles that have any combat worth. They are already approaching depletion and encroaching on strategic reserve because of the sheer incompetence of the planners of the operation. Ukraine was meant to be a 1-2 weeks of war at the most. The "shock and awe" in the first days of war was insufficient per objective requirements for such an operation if its goal was to destroy C2 and air defenses. Which I don't think it was.
On that:
Either Putin has 170 iq or he has 70 iq. No inbetweens.
In politics when you see a choice of either black or white it means that you're looking at the wrong picture.
Putin is so comically incompetent in this war that it can't be a coincidence. Putin is not a genius but
he is not an idiot. He simply can't backpedal on a horrendous bad bet that he made because it will collapse his entire power structure and as he is fighting for his own life he is sacrificing everything else while rivals play the traditional game of "last one to join the fight ends on top".
Russian military is corrupt but not stupid. Russia didn't invade Ukraine in 2017 or 2019 when the country was objectively weaker and the west was busy with Trump because they understood that
Russian doctrine and assets made the conquest of Ukraine impossible.
So why did they change that opinion in 2022? My hypothesis is that they
didn't.
My posts from Feb 7/8 explaining the political and strategic background. Note how my conclusions logically point that that
Russia gains nothing by starting an invasion that they are obviously not prepared to fight.
https://www.yahoo.com/news/sullivan-warns-china-could-face-153528464.html “If Russia does choose to move forward, not only will it come at a strategic cost to Russia, but if China is seen as having supported it, it will come at some costs to China as well in the eyes of the world, in the eyes...
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A Russian analyst - Mikhail Khodarenok, someone noted as very much a Russian patriot - questions whether the plans proposed for conquering Ukraine (if it ever came to that) would work as well as believed: Generally, there won’t be any kind of Ukrainian blitzkrieg. Utterances by some experts of...
www.sinodefenceforum.com
Russia understands the role of preparation in war which means that they prepared we just have the wrong optics on the issue.
The only logical explanation is that they prepared a covert operation to assassinate Zelensky and turn a number of military commanders against the pro-western factions that would claim power in the aftermath. This is why it is a "special military operation" to "demilitarize and denazify" a country led by a Russian-speaking Jew. It sounds absurd
now but with the populist middle-ground candidate of the Russian-speaking (but not pro-Russian) population assassinated by a supposed far right actor and the right-wing (defeated by Zelensky in 2019) immediately clashing with pro-Russian elements you have essentially the repeat of 2014.
That's why Putin assumed that Russian forces would be welcomed as liberators because in his plan they would not be "liberating" Ukraine as they do now but literally
intervening to stop a civil war which Russia triggered by removing the middle-ground option.
So what went wrong?
IMO Post-2014 US-led purge in Ukrainian military worked and Ukrainian secret services were notified about FSB attempts to turn UAF personnel.
Working with Pentagon (backing the mainstream military) and
against Langley (backing the far-right paramilitary) to create confusion they continued the operation leading Russia into sense of false security. When the US began its psy-op it deliberately did so in a vague and hysterical way that possibly risked failure to protect its sources because knowledge of where the sources come from would compromise the operation if Putin proceeded with invasion but changed the plan.
After all the US gained if war started so they risked little in either outcome provided that this time Russia is seen as the clear aggressor and preventing the repeat of messy 2014. The only thing that the needed was to ensure that the narrative of "Russia invaded Ukraine" won over "Ukraine fights a civil war". That's why it was so blunt, forceful and simplistic.
Putin probably changed the plan at the last minute because he suspected something was wrong but couldn't tell what. Most likely it's the consequence of internal FSB-GRU struggle which is why there are now purges in FSB but not in GRU which advised against the war. The main political dynamic in Russia is not state vs. oligarchs but FSB vs. GRU and unlike in the US civilian intelligence never won over the military but only managed to suppress it. Military planning is GRU so they could know that something was wrong but decided to sacrifice pawns and figures to gain a winning position where it matters.
There are several possible answer to "
why the Russian military is not doing what it should be doing" but it
might be as simple as "
because its intelligence is betting on the defeat". If the FSB power structure weakens GRU emerges on top simply by not being involved in the fight as per Sun Tzu's first principle of warfare.
Remember that both the US and China are afraid of one thing only - what happens to Russia's nuclear arsenal. That is the ultimate bargaining chip that will be valid even if the country collapses and there will be nobody to give the order to launch them. Because it's not about who has them but who doesn't get to have them. Physical access is everything. FSB doesn't have it. The military does.
In poker you can win if you knock over the table as long as people don't realize you were the one doing it. Just make it look like someone else did.
EOT.