Shanghai Cooperation Organisation (SCO) and Global South strategic cooperation

Abominable

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No, China of 2023 has fewer allies than China of 1960 because it hadn't stood up for its friends since 1980. What message would dumping one of the few countries it has deep relations with send? More of the same. And China would be doing that for India, which is a country that has been less than friendly to China for 70 years. In fact, India has been the consistent adversary of PRC since its founding. 70+ years of uninterrupted hostility.

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Wut?
 

BoraTas

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To summarize China of the 1950s and 1960s aided pretty much all independence and communist revolutions by sending arms and even people. As a result most of the newly emerged nations during the collapse of European colonial empires were friendly to China. This is the reason why China could have 2/3rds of the UN vote in favor of replacing the ROC with the PRC. China had significant political influence in many places as can be evidenced by how many countries bought arms from China during those years.
 

tphuang

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agreements between China and Uzbekistan

  • on financing the project of construction of power transmission lines and substations;
  • on the establishment of a multimodal logistics centre;
  • On renewal and modernization of the fleet of locomotives of "Uzbekistan temir yollari" JSC;
  • On the establishment of the Uzbekistan-China agro-industrial park;
  • On the establishment of an agro-innovation park;
  • On the establishment of the Uzbekistan-China biotechnological cluster;
  • On further expansion of the telecommunications infrastructure of "Uzbektelecom" JSC;
  • on the production of modern cars together with the EXEED company;
  • On the production of electric and hybrid cars together with BYD Auto Industry;
  • On attracting credit lines between JSC "National Bank of Uzbekistan" and "Exim Bank of China";
  • On attracting credit lines between JSC "National Bank of Uzbekistan" and "State Development Bank of China";
  • On cooperation with China Export and Insurance Corporation;
  • On preparation of the technical and economic basis of the projects "Construction of Norin HPP Cascade" in Syrdarya Region and "Construction of Aygain HPP Cascade" in Bostonliq District of Tashkent Region;
  • on cooperation in the field of development of telecommunication networks.
Credit lines seem to be for borrowing money to Uzbekistan to buy Chinese product and services in RMB
interesting to build up their telecom, biotech, agro, auto & power sector
Uzbekistan also got a multimodal logistic centre

  • Between the Commodity Exchange of the Republic of Uzbekistan and Dalyan Commodity Exchange;
so DCE is going to be trading Uzbek exchange product?

seems like with Uzbeks got a lot
 

tphuang

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the playbook with central asia is similar to other global south countries except that China has even more incentive to pull these countries into its orbit

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The President noted that the development of science-driven spheres such as machine building has high prospects. Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said Kazakhstan and China signed yesterday an agreement on the CKD assembly of China’s leading cars in Kazakhstan. The Head of State said Kazakhstan with vast reserves of lithium, cobaltic, nickelic, and other less-common and rare earth elements is ready for large-scale cooperation in this area.

Besides, Kassym-Jomart Tokayev invited Chinese companies to build car clusters in the territory of Kazakhstan.
looks like everyone wants to china to build EV factories in their country


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Kazakhstan opening pavilion at JD.com
 

Abominable

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In 1960 most of Africa and much of Asia were still under colonial administration. China provided limited support to independence revolutions but a fraction of what the USSR did. Virtually all socialist countries sided with the USSR against China in the Sino-Soviet split, including the (ungrateful) North Koreans. The only exception being Albania.

The UN vote to replace the ROC with the PRC had nothing to with the number of allies Chinese had, but the thaw in US-Chinese relations and the American attempt to exploit the Sino-Soviet split. The Americans thought supporting China would help undermine the USSR, and the Soviets thought they could bring the Chinese back into the fold. Add to that the ridiculousness of having a tiny authoritarian island regime representing China at the UN while the most populous nation was completely unrepresented, it was turning the UN into a farce.

Even Pakistan wasn't a Chinese ally until the 1962 war, so I don't think you are right.
 

ZeEa5KPul

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Right now they are delegating the defense matters to Russia and they are focusing on the economic aspect in Central Asia. While it remains like that and existing Russian interests in there are not disturbed too much then there won't be friction. But the US and Turkey persistently try to destabilize the region and the coup in Kazakhstan is just one example. An even better example would be Kyrgyzstan which had a color revolution in 2005. Or Turkey egging on Azerbaijian in their conflict with Armenia.
Quite so. I think this is a perfectly acceptable arrangement and I've observed China adhering closely to it. Sadly, I can't quite say the same for Russia and its erstwhile obstructionism. But as I said before, this war has caused Russia to introspect deeply about its near abroad and come to the correct conclusions, so I'm more optimistic about future China-Russia cooperation in Central Asia.

I really hope that's the case and not just me looking at the situation through rose-tinted glasses, because it would be very unfortunate if frictions between China and Russia opened gaps for the enemy to operate. As you pointed out, there are illegitimate outside actors attempting to manipulate and destabilize this region.
To a much greater extent that has been done with US sponsorship. Just look at Mongolia for example. The US tries to detach these countries from outside the Russian sphere of influence by making them receptive to Chinese funding, but at the same time they finance nationalist and "anti-corruption" opposition in these countries to attack Chinese and Russian interests. They do the same thing in Pakistan.
Certainly true, but I think you sell Russia a bit short here. The US always has influence with the liberals every country is cursed with, but I think Russia has a lot more pull with a much broader swathe of the populations of Central Asia, both among the elite and the "salt of the Earth." It's inevitable given their shared history.
 

tphuang

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Really more interesting stuff from Kazakhstan this week
this is in their meeting with EU
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To this end, Kazakhstan is promoting the creation of logistics centers of the wholesale and distribution network, such as the international center of industrial cooperation with Uzbekistan and the industrial trade and logistics complex with Kyrgyzstan.

"In parallel, we are implementing two large trade and logistics hubs on the territory of our country: in Almaty agglomeration and in West Kazakhstan region. They will connect trade and logistics routes between China, Central Asia, Europe and the Middle East" Alikhan Smailov
He also noted the dynamic development of the Trans-Caspian international transport route. Thus, due to joint efforts the period of cargo transportation from China to Europe reduced almost three times from 53 to 19-23 days. The next target in this part is 14-18 days by the end of this year.

"At the same time, the period of transit through the territory of Kazakhstan reduced by 2 times - from 12 to 6 days, and we aim to reduce it to 5 days by the end of the year" Alikhan Smailov
so again, BRI works because it's in these countries interest to work with China. They get paid for all the transit + loading/offloading freight with gauge change and across Caspian.

One thing China needs to watch out for is Kazakhstan's reach out to European partners. Nothing wrong with competition. China just needs to outcompete EU guys in gaining access to Kazak mineral resources. That would be a major failing

From another article
On the summit's sidelines, state-owned Chinese energy giant Sinopec and Kazakhstan's KayMunayGaz (KMGZ.KZ) agreed on key terms for a potential investment in a polyethene project in Western Kazakhstan's Atryau region.
From Astana times
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Tokayev discussed plans to expand the Kazakhstan-China oil pipeline to boost oil exports, increase gas processing capacity, expand the gas transmission system, and build a gas processing plant at the Kashagan oilfield with a capacity of four billion cubic meters per year.
Developing industrial cooperation was also a key focus of the meeting, including the implementation of a joint project between KAZ Minerals and NFC to construct a copper smelter. The facility will reduce Kazakhstan’s raw material exports and process the entire volume of copper concentrate produced in the country.
According to Tokayev, Kazakhstan has extensive reserves of rare earth metals, which are in high demand worldwide.
also repeated comment on local warehouses for JD and Alibaba

Tokayev also spoke about the importance of developing land transport corridors, highlighting the possibility for Chinese goods to enter the large markets of Western Eurasia through the territory of Kazakhstan.

“Kazakhstan attaches great importance to constructing a Kazakhstan logistics center in the Xian dry port, which will become the main hub for sending direct container trains to Central Asia, Europe, Türkiye, and Iran,” Tokayev said.

According to Tokayev, Kazakhstan plans to launch the Ayagoz-Bakhty railway link in the direction of China and repair the Dostyk-Moiynty railroad section, which will make it possible to annually transport up to 20 million tons of cargo in this direction.
The President said developing the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route is essential for enhancing transit between Europe and Asia, as this is the shortest route from China to Europe. Its length is 2,500 kilometers shorter than the Northern Corridor Transport Network.
Again, things start from Xian. With improved railway passage through Kazakhstans, you can get to central/west asia, Europe and MENA The additional rail will increase capacity through Kazakhstan

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Last month, after three years of downtime due to the pandemic, we resumed the work of the International Trade Center “Khorgos” on the Kazakh-Chinese border. I invite all Central Asian countries, especially those that do not have a common border with China, to jointly use the potential of this important trade and logistics hub.
Our plans include the construction together with Chinese investment partners of a second dry port on the border on a qualitatively new basis, taking into account the accumulated experience in this area,”

– As China’s closest neighbor and reliable partner, we will continue to actively participate in the implementation of the joint construction of the Belt and Road. An important step in this direction will be the early opening of the third railway crossing on the Kazakh-Chinese border. One of the key sections of the China–Central Asia–Europe route is the Trans-Caspian International Transport Route. At the current stage, this artery has acquired strategic importance. We intend to systematically increase its capacity through the introduction of digital solutions and infrastructure modernization. Considering that China is the main shipper, we consider it necessary to intensify joint efforts to ensure maximum and uninterrupted loading of this route. We invite Chinese partners to mutually beneficial cooperation in expanding the capabilities of the Caspian Sea ports, digitalizing their activities, as well as joint production of transport vessels. The use of the potential of the Kazakhstan–Turkmenistan–Iran railway also opens up great prospects for our countries,” Tokayev said.
so these are obviously things that will make it easier for China to conduct commerce with countries to the west. Speeding up the rail traffic, reducing bottleneck -> moving away from shipping and trucking

I would like to note with great satisfaction that cooperation between Kazakhstan and China in this direction is reaching a qualitatively new level. The production of passenger cars and trucks (JAC) has been established, projects for the production of electric vehicles (JAC iEV7S, YUTONG electric buses and Golden Dragon electric buses) have been implemented. Yesterday, agreements were signed on the launch of a small-node assembly of leading Chinese cars in our country. Work is underway on the appropriate infrastructure of electric charging stations in Kazakhstan. Kazakhstan, which has large reserves of lithium, cobalt, nickel and other important rare earth elements, is ready for large-scale cooperation in this industry. We invite Chinese companies to create automobile clusters on the territory of Kazakhstan, in those areas where there are already successful examples of the production of large Chinese brands,” the President said.
Provides access to local resource in exchange for Chinese auto industry.

Yesterday we officially established twinning ties between the cities of Shymkent and Xi’an, as well as our regions – the North Kazakhstan region and Shaanxi Province. The Consulate General of Kazakhstan opens in the city of Xi’an.
Xian and Shaanxi province benefit greatly from commerce with Central Asia and BRI. Again, this will persuade more companies to move inland to Xian

At the same time, it is important to develop the sphere of science and education, to establish contacts between the youth of our countries. Therefore, we attach exceptional importance to the systematic training of qualified personnel and the development of human capital. At this stage, Kazakhstan is actively working on opening branches of the world’s leading technical universities in the country,
Just as importantly, China need to be a center of attraction for talents from surrounding countries
 

tphuang

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More on this, the extensiveness of cooperation and agreements signed was very impressive

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Tokayev and Zhang Jinjun, general director of China Nonferrous Metal Mining, discussed the Chinese company’s intention to establish a copper smelter in Kazakhstan in collaboration with KAZ Minerals.
again, China needs copper access and securing access through processing is the way to go
Tokayev also praised the start of a project to teach high-level Kazakh specialists in IT technologies at the Huawei Information and Communications Technology (ICT) Academy.
More about HW helping local talents
During the meeting with the Chairman of China National Petroleum Corporation (CNPC) Dai Houliang, the sides addressed cooperation in energy, transportation, and oil and gas processing.

Dai shared plans to strengthen cooperation with the Kazakh side by expanding the Shymkent oil refinery’s production capacity and increasing the Kazakhstan-China pipeline’s throughput capacity.
oil & gas and more refining capacity in Kazakhstan

They discussed the company’s intention to create a large-scale wind power plant with a capacity of one gigawatt in the Zhambyl Region. Qian also briefed the President on the company’s plans to begin wind power plant equipment production in Kazakhstan.
SPIC discussing with Kazakhstan about getting into the wind power production supply chain

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Kazakhstan plans to increase the production capacity of Shymkent Oil Refinery from 6 million tons to 12 million tons per year, President of Kazakhstan Kassym-Jomart Tokayev said at the Central Asia-China Summit in Xi'an,
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reports via the Presidential Administration of Kazakhstan.
again, basically you have China helping Kazakhstan grow and modernize their local economy. So there is going to be a lot of dependence built toward China from these countries.
 

supercat

Major
To summarize China of the 1950s and 1960s aided pretty much all independence and communist revolutions by sending arms and even people. As a result most of the newly emerged nations during the collapse of European colonial empires were friendly to China. This is the reason why China could have 2/3rds of the UN vote in favor of replacing the ROC with the PRC. China had significant political influence in many places as can be evidenced by how many countries bought arms from China during those years.
In contrast, currently, 148 countries have joined the BRI. China has investment agreements with more than 100 countries. China has 17 Free Trade Agreements and is negotiating 8 more.
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