"How did you go bankrupt ?"What made USD a global currency was the expansion of its use outside the USA starting with the 1920s. US banks were restricted from operating in other US states other than their home state back then so New York banks started expanding into South America and Europe. Mind you, the US was the biggest economy at this point for a decade. Especially after WW2 this process became faster. The rebuilding of Europe generated demand for credits which only USD was stable and deep enough to absorb. USD accounts and debt markets appeared throughout Europe. Ironically, the USSR jumpstarted this process. It decided to store its reserves in the UK in the form of USD (because they didn't trust the USA to not confiscate it), which led to large USD markets and availability in Europe almost immediately.
Since then world financial system was built upon the USD. Petrodollar is just a consequence of it, not the reason. Yuan replacing USD in sanctioned Russia does establish it as an alternative for international trade. Yuan's current expansion of use mirrors the initial USD expansion of the 1920s.
"Two ways. Gradually, then suddenly."
Ernest Hemingway