PLAN Mine/Counter Mine vessel Thread

[franco-russe]

Information from a Chinese source was that 830 was scrapped in 2007. The recent series of Wusong photos at Xinhui’s blog only shows 831 (plus 833 from 9th Minesweeper Squadron undergoing maintenance).

Without 830 there ought to be 14 Type 6610 or T-43 class: 811-813 of 11th Minesweeper Squadron, Lushun, 808, 833 and 834 of 9th Minesweeper Squadron (somewhere in ESF), 809, 835-838 and 850 of 10th Minesweeper Squadron (somewhere in SSF – one does see T-43 at Zhanjiang, but probably not the whole squadron).

It belatedly strikes me that the numbers of the three Type 529 minesweeping boats are derived from the pennant number of 804. It will be confirmed when the new quartet of 1 + 3 enter service (surely before 2012?).

 

[tphuang]

This is taken from October of last year. It looks like 830 is still serving alongside 831 to me. I certainly would not find it out of question that 830 is the Type 6610 that got decommissioned in that article. Could explain why we haven't seen its picture in the last couple of months.

yep, the drones got their numbers from 804. Where did you get the type 529 for those drones from? I don't know of any source that gave them a designation.

 

[franco-russe]

Thank you, that certainly shows that 830 was not decommissioned in 2007.

The 8041 class minesweeping boat, though unarmed, is clearly derived from the PLA Ground Forces “reconnaissance” vessel Type 529 (type designation of Army version confirmed by Chinese article). There must obviously be a suffix, but that is totally unknown.

On CDF, photos of this class shows the following units that can be identified: SZ226, JZ143, NZ382, NZ383, GZ470, GZ472. Each military region has at least one unit of three.

How certain is the Type 082 II designation of 804 (and Jiangnan sister newbuilding)? I also have a suggestion that it might be Type 083 (same source has Type 084 for 840, other sources say 810 is Type 081).

 

[tphuang]

new picture of the second Type 082-II minehunter. Not much is said about it's progress. I'm not sure if it has gone on sea trial already and has come back. I suspect that's the case, because we haven't seen it for 4 months.

 

[franco-russe]

Well, it is certainly no longer at Jiangnan, but no doubt somewhere in Shanghai. It is wearing a provisional pennant number, 258 as far as I can read. This is reminiscent of the provisional numbers on the first two WOCHI class, 328 (now 805) and 438 (now 810). That must also mean that it is not yet in commission.

 

[tphuang]

an updated picture of JiangNan shipyard with the MCM ship in much better view.

It's not the 3rd unit of Type 082II minehunter but rather the 5th unit of Type 081. It looks to be ready to be launched soon.

 

[franco-russe]

Yes, WOCHI Hull 5 as I wrote two days ago in post # 916 of the Type 052 Thread.

 

[tphuang]

an article on PLAN MCM training

- talks about training against intelligence mines which only fall for 10% of sweep attempts
- talks about in an exercise, the MCM team was required to complete sweeping in 12 hours while facing 3 meter waves. It was able to sweep clean a clear path in 8 hours.
- it also mentions that subchasers is also involved in minesweeping duties.
- It mentions on MCM ship 825, which has 12 sailors, sweeping for mines.
- it mentions that 825 mainly uses magnetic sweep, contact sweep and accoustic sweep

新型扫雷艇编队破浪航行。朱国军摄) S4 G( Z5 h& t3 J0 ^

　　水雷作为常规武器中的战略武器，涉及磁场、声场、次声场等多种物理场，具有难以识别的隐蔽性和巨大的破坏作用。在人民海军作战舰艇序列里，论个头，扫雷艇没有大型舰艇的伟岸身躯；论装备，扫雷艇没有决胜千里的导弹武器，但它却以“海上敢死队”特有的神奇，征战在诡秘险恶的海上雷场，为作战舰艇清扫出一条条通畅的海上航道。! s6 ^& r1 z7 P; l
9 q. @ b9 A! O
　　日前，我们在南海舰队某水警区扫雷舰大队，耳闻目睹了“海上开路先锋”的丰功战绩。该大队先后创下了低海况扫雷作业、实扫多型号战雷等6项海军扫雷纪录。如今，大队已成为海军扫雷部队的试训单位，多项装备使用操作规程在海军推广。1 T9 k* R2 u1 F3 @( O7 y' h% k

　　智斗智能水雷
1 U/ k" b* D1 ]
　　【难题】2 b: f. @' _# [) M" j
4 g* _# C4 c: h3 u$ |+ }
　　扫除智能水雷是世界扫雷领域的难关。其抗扫概率大于0.9，也就是说，扫10次最多引爆一次！任何一个细节的疏忽，都会导致船毁人亡的结果。

　　【破解】

　　如何对付这个难缠的对手？扫雷舰大队官兵使出浑身解数与其“斗智”。
& v; {- w. a! t! P- c. z
　　他们把智能水雷的引信设定为某护卫舰的电磁量，找来猎潜艇和自己一起“闯关”。然而，水雷根本不买账，任凭猎潜艇和扫雷艇在海面搅得天昏地暗，它在水下却波澜不惊。

　　【现场】

　　大队长王先庆和艇员们不甘心，驾着舰艇像犁田一样反复跑纵队、穿横队、走梯队……历经一年半的研究论证和海上实践。, K7 j5 L4 \+ k; N# z6 H

　　在一次演练中，智能水雷以为是某护卫舰驾到，犯了糊涂，发生误判，一溜烟浮出了水面。6 t9 m% l- y8 ~6 h

　　至此，扫雷艇与猎潜艇协同高效清除智能水雷的战法得以验证。
l& t' V" q( a
　　打破编队扫雷“瓶颈”8 \# ?& X8 Y% i# ?! q4 l
0 V( _$ B9 R4 d+ j; d# ~& [* w
　　【难题】9 s2 d/ q$ S/ {' h

　　相对于单舰扫雷，编队扫雷的效能当然要高得多。然而，几艘舰艇之间如何配合？声场、磁场叠加后，对水雷引信会产生怎样影响？各型扫雷具之间会不会形成互相干扰？一连串的疑问对编队扫雷提出了挑战。

　　【破解】# A" {( n5 G" `+ j
2 X5 j5 v) f/ i; P* h
　　扫雷指挥所的设置一直是制约战时编队扫雷的“瓶颈”。: i; Z4 z; U5 T6 L( T

　　“未来海战是基于信息系统的体系作战，指挥控制如果不能综合集成，装备如何‘聚指成拳’，打赢从何谈起。”水警区司令员黄凤志认为。

　　方案研究、图上推演、实战演练……大队官兵着眼海战需要，创造性地将扫雷艇与某型舰进行协同作业，意想不到的通信频率问题竟然得到有效解决。- y' d& e/ G. t4 p$ E
4 k q) f3 L6 D1 U6 I' o+ H$ r( x6 O
　　【现场】

　　一次，演习进行得如火如荼时，“敌”舰在某海域布下N枚水雷，将我驱逐舰、护卫舰、潜艇团团困住。“敌”机又将在空中对我展开轮番轰炸。演习导演部要求该大队派出扫雷艇在12小时内完成扫雷任务。. Z$ F8 q+ e6 t) P' z" ~! g
) {: p+ J$ j: v$ M5 w
　　面对陌生海域和未知情况，该大队3艘扫雷艇挺进了海浪足有3米高的雷场。在左右摇晃近30度的恶劣海况下，艇员们有条不紊地操纵着扫雷设备，不断运用扫雷、炸雷、破雷等多种方式，巧妙地在雷海里打通了一条平安航道，比演习导演部规定的时间提前了整整4个小时。

　　战时12人扫雷模式* I' \0 c4 [" L6 H8 L: W7 \

　　【难题】5 i1 C5 L0 y& r+ f+ [/ L( H `/ l V
! ~/ f+ a: M3 I5 X. \
　　水警区扫雷舰大队的官兵虽然没有参加国际论坛大会，但他们时刻紧盯世界前沿，不断把理论成果转化为战斗力。“战时12人扫雷”模式就曾一直停留在我国海上扫雷理论层面。
" G' x# h+ M% ? c1 Z
　　【破解】
% D" a, K' j! e7 q( v4 ^
　　4年前，南海舰队某猎潜艇大队整体换装成扫雷艇，“大洋猎手”变成了“海上工兵”。0 O, `$ S( F" i7 p
! C6 q& \% a* m6 {- \
　　然而，从猎潜艇到了扫雷艇，键盘替换了阀门、按钮取代了手柄、仪表变成了屏显……面对集高科技于一身的新型扫雷艇，摩拳擦掌的艇员们，没想到走向大海如此艰难。时任825艇艇长张建勤和教导员赵润生带头向新装备发起“总攻”。
3 g8 p3 X" g+ s- B" j4 M
　　没有专业人才，他们开办“水兵夜校”，建起“甲板书屋”，将艇员组成“一对一”帮扶对子，系统学习新装备知识。- J7 D- M* U5 K C5 O
1 c, H+ r( k) {+ ^* L# K- {9 O2 t6 q
　　没有现成教材和训练大纲，他们请来专家编写雷达、通信、扫雷专业教材，并探索出模拟训练、港岸操演、海上训练等“六步训练法”。

　　装备管理无章可循，他们通过实践摸索，总结出“一看二转三听四摸”装备管理办法。

　　从此，新型扫雷艇渐渐被“驯服”，艇员们个个摩拳擦掌，想早日驾艇与水雷一较高下。
1 {2 E2 _+ q' A! i) Y
　　【现场】

　　金秋十月，南海海面波飞浪卷。12名艇员驾着825艇驶进了某海区雷场。" r8 d% I4 _& S' ?1 ?3 H& v& |1 _
' c' U- r" F4 l7 f0 ?) P
　　在不知预定雷位的海域扫雷犹如大海捞针，一旦不小心触爆水雷，就很可能发生艇毁人亡的悲剧。面对危机四伏的海面，12名信号兵、操舵兵、枪炮兵人人身兼数职，仔细搜索水下对手的蛛丝马迹。- x' N% p; y, d+ y4 h5 t- p

　　傍晚时分，声呐兵突然报告：“右航15度，距离18链，发现水雷1枚。”

　　“开始切割扫雷！”只听一声令下，不多时，825艇艇尾方向就浮出一个球形的黑家伙，在海面上时沉时浮。经过一天“围剿”，1枚锚雷被成功扫出。- ]2 A/ ~% X8 ]" Y5 t
$ b! c# C0 q/ P$ {
　　一直停留在我国海上扫雷理论层面的“战时12人扫雷”模式，被825艇成功突破！
D, g; `) b ?7 U8 a3 D1 ]3 e
　　生与死的实战考验7 B) U7 t" ?% n5 Z0 x4 y$ K; ^
1 T [/ G4 u: p: m1 u' O& \" F
　　【难题】 T# Q, ]- |- y

　　从模拟训练到实扫战雷，不仅是训练手段和内容的跨越，更是一场生与死的战斗考验。实扫战雷除了没有敌情的顾虑外，一切与实战没有两样。

　　【破解】# I* ?6 ^. A+ j2 Y! j; Y& h

　　只有直面风险、挑战风险，才能战胜风险。大队组织扫雷艇进行实扫战雷训练课题时，所有人都为此捏了一把汗。毕竟战雷这东西一触即炸，搞不好就会艇毁人亡。扫除战雷就是一场斗智斗勇的战斗，艇员们既要敢于斗勇，更要善于斗智。$ K' A0 p. W/ K: ^0 ?, F! d

　　【现场】0 K5 C C( s6 R

　　随着尖利的战斗警报声响起，官兵们驾着825扫雷艇慢慢向雷区挺进。
2 `+ S* [& }. N
　　“前方目标区发现水雷场！”随着声呐兵的一声报告，艇上的气氛顿时紧张，空气仿佛凝固在机舱里，谁也没再说一句话。
$ j" ]5 Q) [; K& g/ J2 e4 n9 w$ B
　　一秒，两秒，三秒，扫雷艇每前进一步，官兵的心就往嗓子眼上提一节。离预先分析的雷位越来越近了。“220米！”距离手大声报告。

　　前进还是后退？大队长王先庆和艇长聂永福额头上渗出细密的汗珠。: i7 `, C; Q* ~) R+ ~6 Y
/ ~9 a! n. q8 r* N T
　　“改变扫雷工作制度。”王大队长果断决定，艇员们顶着死亡风险继续驶近雷区。" p$ j& F/ f9 {8 E+ B7 {8 i
" q& P6 J( P( `# P9 b& ^
　　“左舷45度，距离12链，发现水雷2枚。”战雷终于出现。9 C5 ^# n0 y0 r8 e: o* }1 M# V) a) P
# A0 O0 u2 N& c9 I. f( _; N% S
　　按照测定的雷位，扫雷兵熟练地操纵电磁扫雷具和切割扫雷具，只听“轰”的一声，一枚水雷在距离扫雷艇207米的地方蹿出50多米高的水柱，一股强大的冲击波摇得扫雷艇险些侧翻。大家惊魂未定，意想不到的事情又发生了，另一枚没有引爆的水雷捉起了迷藏，不见了踪影。- s, D7 _" k7 {9 ?
. a4 H5 N# t" c, ~
　　艇员们立即停车，采取多种方式在海面搜寻，终于，在艇尾方向发现了这枚随波漂荡的“恐怖分子”。火炮手全神贯注，接令开火，顿时，水雷炸开了花，创造了一艘艇同时扫除多枚战雷的战绩。$ i9 }4 V* {$ s0 q
2 l- h2 E4 ]3 X0 |( {9 x
　　国际海上扫雷的主要方式(链接)

　　相关资料表明，各国军队在水中扫雷的方式大同小异，普遍使用的主要方式有切割、电磁、音响三种。3 T# f6 ?7 k; O; v! G- u; W

　　切割扫雷法主要是针对锚雷。所谓锚雷是指用雷索和雷锚把雷体系留在一定深度上的水雷。扫雷艇对付锚雷的工具是拖带在船后的扫雷索，扫雷索上每隔一段装有一把割刀，只要碰上锚雷的雷索就能把它切断，使雷体上浮出水，然后再用火炮把它击毁。锚雷是最原始的一种水雷，属于触发水雷，一般都布在浅海。

　　与锚雷相比，更危险的是沉底雷和浮雷。这两种水雷布设以后会沉入水底或漂浮在某一深度，采用电磁和音响引信。由于船舶开过时会带来磁场和声场，这些磁场和声场被水雷的引信接收后，引信会作出反应，自动上浮，打击目标。* e- u. c! K7 E9 N' q+ z

　　扫雷艇对付这些水雷主要是用电磁和音响这两种扫雷方式。电磁扫雷是指扫雷艇用两根长达数百米的电缆拖在舰后从需要扫雷的水面开过。这两根电缆会通上电，在水中形成强大的电磁场。同时，舰体会携带某种拖曳式发音器在水中发出巨大的声响。沉底雷和浮雷的引信接收到这些磁场和声场信息后，会自动上浮引爆。

 

[franco-russe]

Interesting. As I understand it, a subchaser quadron of SSF was transformed into a minesweeper squadron four years ago, which fits with the last four WOSAO class 824-827 were delivered by the old Qiuxin Shipyard in 2007.

There have been some uncertain indications that the four minesweepers belong to the former 76 Subchaser Squadron at Xuwen, subordinate to Shantou Naval District. The article seems to confirm this unexpected change.

 

[tphuang]

Another article on MCM operation. There was two intelligence mines in this area to sweep through.

Two new minesweeper (my guess is Type 81 class) found one mine from 800 m away. It mentions about putting noise maker in the water and then put out sweeping gear on a long cable. It was finally able to set off the mine.

Another MCM ship (my assumption is Type 082G here) detected the second mine. It sent out mine disposal machine (some kind of ROV I guess) out to get the mine, track it and then put a mine detonator beside the mine to blow it up.

盛夏时节，东海某海域波诡云谲。突然，一阵急促的警铃声划破长空。

“‘敌’方在我某海域航道口布设不明性质战雷两枚，上级要求我部立即派遣反水雷兵力实施疏通。”正在海上执行巡逻任务的东海舰队某扫雷舰大队接到命令后，立即组成反水雷编队，火速赶赴被封锁海域。

“战斗警报！”两艘新型扫雷舰艇展开战斗队形。雷达、声呐紧紧盯住海面和水下的每一个目标。

很快，声呐室传来报告：“我舰前方800米处，发现水下有1个疑似目标。”经检测确认，这是一种智能型沉底战雷，具有极强的隐蔽性。
指挥所下达扫雷命令。随即，吊车启动，张开大臂将发声器投放下水，某型扫雷具长长的电缆线一圈一圈地放到海面，在舰艉的航迹中耕波犁浪。
“扫除智能化战雷是扫雷领域的难关。任何一个细节的疏忽，都会带来危险后果。”扫雷舰大队大队长蒋传海介绍说。
“轰！”在距扫雷舰左舷数百米处，隐匿在大海深处的这枚智能化战雷，终于被扫雷兵摧毁，水面刹那间飞溅起50多米高的水柱。
这时，某新型扫雷舰也发现了隐藏在大海深处的另外一枚智能化战雷。

“投放灭雷具！”蒋大队长在判明战雷位置后果断命令。很快，灭雷具机器人锁定目标，将灭雷弹稳稳当当投放到智能化战雷旁边。
随着一声巨响，这枚刁钻的智能化战雷被成功扫除。蒋大队长兴奋地对记者说：“此次演练成功扫爆两枚智能化战雷，为实战智能化战雷扫除探索了经验。”