you got 2 big problems to solve with ASBM.
1) locating aircraft carrier group in a huge ocean when you have limited number of satellites to work with which has the requisite resolution.
2) ASBM at its really fast speed can identify carrier upon re-entry, home in onto the target and do enough damage. Remember, carrier moves extremely fast and can move a lot from launch to re-entry.
All this time, satellite communication, network communication could be tricked. Carrier group can easily create multiple decoys around itself. 2) is probably even harder to accomplish than 1) considering the decoys, jamming and other soft kill options.