PLA AEW&C, SIGINT, EW and MPA thread

Deino

Lieutenant General
Staff member
Super Moderator
Registered Member

12 New KJ-500 in production can be seen. Is this included in the 43 KJ-500 somePLAOSINT told yesterday or are these new?


You really should better check what you post! The image is clearly from 2020 so almost 3.5 years ago, when the KJ-500 was built ... as such they cannot be KJ-700 - which even more look very much different - and do not add up to the list posted yesterday.
 

HgMs

New Member
Registered Member
@somePLAOSINT on Twitter estimated that the number of Chinese land-based AEW&C aircrafts in service is 61. In comparison, the US has 31 land-based AEW&C aircrafts in service.


Though, he could actually replace the "might be" phrase with "actually is".

Present number of land-based AEW&C aircrafts operated by the PLA:
KJ-2000: 4
KJ-200: 11 (could be more, given we've seen the KJ-200B last year)
KJ-500: 50+ (instead of 43)
KJ-700: 3+
Total: At least 68

Of course, this data tabulation ignores the naval-based AEW&C aircrafts, of which the US holds a decisive edge over China with their large numbers of E-2C/Ds (~70+ of them, distributed across 11 CVNs and training & evaluation bases). Adding the E-2C/Ds to the count would bring the grand total of US AE&C aircrafts to 110-120+.

Meanwhile, China only has up to 6 KJ-600s as of now, and there is no confirmation that they are in active service.

In the meantime, adding the AEW&C aircrafts operated by the "LC"s of the US in the WestPac region:
JASDF: 4x E-767s and 16x E-2C/Ds
ROKAF: 4x E-7s
RAAF: 6x E-7s
Total: 30

Adding that number to the US' E-3 fleet would narrow the gap between China's and the US&LC's AEW&C fleet sizes, especially should the US decide to concentrate the majority of their AEW&C fleet in the WestPac.

However, China should not aim for parity with the US&LC in terms of their AEW&C fleet size. Instead, with the worst-case scenario in mind - the PLA should aim to surpass them. At least 100 of them is needed - And that's speaking of the WestPac theater only.

View attachment 131570
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1720059281168.png
these E3 does not retire?
 

ACuriousPLAFan

Brigadier
Registered Member
Some new information from @斯文的土匪--- on Weibo, i.e. the guy who first posted about the radomes of the KJ-700 (and allegedly KJ-3000) at a certain test facility.

One - On the KJ-500, KJ-600, KJ-700 and the alleged KJ-3000:

kj500kj600kj700kj3000developmenttimeline.png

空警500于2007年立项,2012年10月29首飞,14年下半年服役。空警700于2011年立项,2020年系统雷达完成测试、装配,2021年10月首架机总装,2024年上半年服役。空警600雷达由14所研制。空警 3000雷达立项时间可能是2016年。空警700的机载光电远程探测系统可能也是14所的杰作。
In point form, roughly translated:
- The KJ-500('s development project) was launched in 2007, first flew on October 29, 2012, and entered service in the second half of 2014;
- The KJ-700 (began its development) in 2011, with the radar and (associated?) systems having completed testing and assembly in 2020, (followed by) the final assembly of the first airframe started/completed in October 2021, (before) entering service in the first half of 2024;
- The KJ-600's radar is developed by the 14th Institute;
- The launching of the KJ-3000's radar (development) project is likely to be in 2016;
- The airborne photoelectric remote detection system on the KJ-700 may also be the work of the 14th Institute.

Two - On what the KJ-700 actually offers to the PLA's AEW&C capabilities:

kj700features.png

Link to post:
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(Both the comparison photo and the posts are still available today, so it's likely that the higher-ups aren't that concerned about secrecy on said topic.)

Initial post:
对比一下一些700有意思的细节:机身上下刀片天线几乎消失不见,盘子顶部的凸起反而增大,有可能采用新一代数据链,数据通信更集成;紧急逃生出口前移,内部空间有调整,超大型光电头的增加导致显控台也随着增加了。
In point form, roughly translated:
Comparing some of the interesting details on the KJ-700 (with the KJ-500):
- The upper and lower blade antennas of the fuselage almost disappeared;
- The bulge at the top of the (radome) disk has instead increased, (which means that) it is possible (that the KJ-700 is) using a new generation of data-linking/networking, (with the) data communication being more integrated;
- The emergency escape exit has been moved forward, (indicating that) there is an adjustment of the internal space;
- The addition of the super-large photoelectric head has also led to the increase of the number of (display) consoles.

Quote post:
很多人认知还局限在预警机本身,这种四代预警机的出现其实预示了三代及以前的预警机从单一机体为节点的预警体系向网络化预警的转变,数据链及任务系统的升级换代,可以把四代机、高新机、雷达/红外无人预警机以及地面站、卫星、舰只等的信息节点所收集的数据通过AI技术进行融合,预警能力指数级提升!
In point form, roughly translated:
- Many people's cognition(/knowledge/understanding) is still stuck on the (individual airframes of the) AEW&C itself;
- (However,) the emergence of this 4th-generation AEW&C aircraft actually heralded the transition/transformation from 3rd-generation and previous-generation AEW&C aircraft, that is, from a single airframe as the node of the early warning system to a networked system of early warning (and control) systems;
- The upgrades to data-linking and mission systems allow the integration of data collected from 5th-generation aircrafts, (other types of) special mission (i.e. Gaoxin) aircraft, radar/infrared AEW UAVs, as well as information nodes such as ground stations, satellites, ships, etc. through AI technology;
The early warning capability (of the PLA) will thus be improved exponentially!

(For note: I've actually waited since mid-June (when these posts were made by him) to see if there's any major rebuke/criticism on his statements, and/or retractions of his posts before posting them here.)

Though, as he claimed that the KJ-700 is a 4th-gen AEW&C aircraft - I'd like to be cautious somewhat and categorize it as a 3.5th-gen AEW&C aircraft first. (Maybe the alleged KJ-3000 will be the 4th-gen AEW&C aircraft instead?)

It should also be noted that since this guy don't exactly post on Weibo as often (and that he's not as well-known and reputable in the PLA-watching community as the likes of Cute Orca and Yankee-&-Co.), I'd advice at least some degree of caution.
 
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ismellcopium

Junior Member
Registered Member
Some new information from @斯文的土匪--- on Weibo, i.e. the guy who first posted about the radomes of the KJ-700 (and allegedly KJ-3000) at a certain test facility.

One - On the KJ-500, KJ-600, KJ-700 and the alleged KJ-3000:

View attachment 131965


In point form, roughly translated:


Two - On what the KJ-700 actually offers to the PLA's AEW&C capabilities:

View attachment 131966

Link to post:
Please, Log in or Register to view URLs content!


(Both the comparison photo and the posts are still available today, so it's likely that the higher-ups aren't that concerned about secrecy on said topic.)

Initial post:

In point form, roughly translated:


Quote post:

In point form, roughly translated:


(For note: I've actually waited since mid-June (when these posts were made by him) to see if there's any major rebuke/criticism on his statements, and/or retractions of his posts before posting them here.)

Though, as he claimed that the KJ-700 is a 4th-gen AEW&C aircraft - I'd like to be cautious somewhat and categorize it as a 3.5th-gen AEW&C aircraft first. (Maybe the alleged KJ-3000 will be the 4th-gen AEW&C aircraft instead?)

It should also be noted that since this guy don't exactly post on Weibo as often (and that he's not as well-known and reputable in the PLA-watching community as the likes of Cute Orca and Yankee-&-Co.), I'd advice at least some amount of caution.
So is the KJ-700 a replacement rather than complement to the KJ-500 (strictly additional rather than different functionality)? I.e. production of the latter should have ended now?
 

ACuriousPLAFan

Brigadier
Registered Member
So is the KJ-700 a replacement rather than complement to the KJ-500 (strictly additional rather than different functionality)?

Yes.

Otherwise, why would they even develop that new model of rotodome for the KJ-700? That rotodome and its associated systems aren't exactly easy and cheap to develop and manufacture.

This is alongside all the other brand-new and upgraded systems onboard the KJ-700 over the KJ-500, including that huge EO head at the nose.

I.e. production of the latter should have ended now?

No indications/observations have suggested that to be the case as of present, especially considering that (if said information by @斯文的土匪--- is accurate) the KJ-700 had just entered service this year.

In fact, Shaanxi AC may be gradually winding down KJ-500 production (while fulfilling the remaining outstanding orders from the PLAAF and PLANAF) while simultaneously ramping up KJ-700 production as we speak.
 
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plawolf

Lieutenant General
E3 Sentry
(Kinda a long video) critical note Extra seats and crew taking meals.

E7A Wedgetail RAAF tour.
Note extra seats and galley.
The perk of building your AWACS off a commercial airliner is it comes from the factory with a commercial airliner fixtures built in. You can use the chairs, head and Galley station from the factory. Globaleye, R99, Saab Erieye also have at least additional seats. Even the A50.
What you are saying @plawolf would be accurate for smaller AEW types like E2 Hawkeye or helicopter based AEW which are much smaller.

Having a few extra seats and a galley for comfort breaks is not the same as having a full 1/3 crew onboard for shift work.

Sitting in a more padded chair doesn’t offer that much relief. If you wanted to do shift work, you will need bunk beds onboard to allow crews to properly recover after a long and exhausting shift.

Because of computerization man power is not as important as it used to be and crew members will rotate. Like anyone whom has flown commercially seats are usable for sleeping though optimally more for naps.

And just how rested were you after napping on flights? Feel fresh as a daisy and ready to do a full 8 hour shift of heavy mental load and constant focus where any tiny slip up or lapse might cost lives?

Really in peer v near peer AWACS are not going to be doing penetration missions they will stay back with tankers and other conventional aircraft and serve as air traffic control looking for intruders but also vectoring penetrating aircraft to refuel and command. After all AWACS have big radar cross sections and as the Patriot proved against the A50 easy targets for fighters and Air defense systems.

You say near-peer conflict but still seem to expect it to be like all the previous NATO wars were staying in the rear gives absolute safety. In a near-peer fight, opfor will have the means, will and capability to penetrate into your rear to hunt and kill your HVTs like AWACS.

That is a core reason why you don’t actually want to put more crews onboard than is strictly necessary. Because each sortie will carry a very real risk of combat loss. And AWACS don’t have ejection seats.

As the Russians are finding out, replacing trained and seasoned crews can be harder than building new AWACS planes.

For superpowers like the US and China that can operate triple digit AWACS planes and have significant manufacturing capabilities for replacements and even fleet expansion, it may well be that in wartime they elect to loft multiple AWACS with partial crew loads to cover the same airspace rather than send one fully loaded AWACS to do the same job to add redundancy and make penetration attempts much harder for opfor stealths.

And if you have triple digit AWACS planes, you will have a tough enough job crewing them and having second or even third shift replacements never mind carrying a spare shift worth of crews onboard.

I think this league difference is why is not realistic to compare Chinese or American AWACS doctrine with smaller airforces that might only have a handful of AWACS planes. In which case it makes far more sense to maximise the amount of time each AWACS on stay on station.
 

TerraN_EmpirE

Tyrant King
Having a few extra seats and a galley for comfort breaks is not the same as having a full 1/3 crew onboard for shift work.

Sitting in a more padded chair doesn’t offer that much relief. If you wanted to do shift work, you will need bunk beds onboard to allow crews to properly recover after a long and exhausting shift.
I was pointing out that some awacs do have the facilities you stated that most don’t. In fact the majority do.

And just how rested were you after napping on flights? Feel fresh as a daisy and ready to do a full 8 hour shift of heavy mental load and constant focus where any tiny slip up or lapse might cost lives?
Oh sure. However the point is that they do have breaks and even in combat operations it’s going to be rare for all stations to be manned particularly as many moder
You say near-peer conflict but still seem to expect it to be like all the previous NATO wars were staying in the rear gives absolute safety. In a near-peer fight, opfor will have the means, will and capability to penetrate into your rear to hunt and kill your HVTs like AWACS.
I would beg to differ on that assumption of my assessment. First off n past conflict the U.S. and NATO established dominance using previous generations of platforms in a very different context. In Iraq the Iraqi airforces were virtually destroyed in the span of a day. In Afghanistan it was nonexistent. In Serbia it there was resistance but it broke down fairly fast. These conflicts were decisively one sided in the air war.
In a future near peer. First the scale of conflict has increased substantially. Second both sides are going to have IAD zones and fourth Gen fighters in support of their AWACS. If that’s not enough EW and even countermeasures are in play. This is going to significantly eat into the range of AWACS killers as those missiles are already trying to operate at their maximum range making them susceptible to spoofing and jamming. So hunting HVTs isn’t going to be easy. The platforms hunting HVT are farther being hunted themselves. The only assets that might have degrees of impunity are penetration aircraft with reduced signatures. Yet with EW and counter radar they are going to be degraded either operating radar off or in a reduced emissions mode.

That is a core reason why you don’t actually want to put more crews onboard than is strictly necessary. Because each sortie will carry a very real risk of combat loss. And AWACS don’t have ejection seats.

As the Russians are finding out, replacing trained and seasoned crews can be harder than building new AWACS planes.
Which is why you don’t put them at the point of the spear. They are a standoff asset.
A high value one as you put it.

For superpowers like the US and China that can operate triple digit AWACS planes and have significant manufacturing capabilities for replacements and even fleet expansion, it may well be that in wartime they elect to loft multiple AWACS with partial crew loads to cover the same airspace rather than send one fully loaded AWACS to do the same job to add redundancy and make penetration attempts much harder for opfor stealths.

And if you have triple digit AWACS planes, you will have a tough enough job crewing them and having second or even third shift replacements never mind carrying a spare shift worth of crews onboard.

I think this league difference is why is not realistic to compare Chinese or American AWACS doctrine with smaller airforces that might only have a handful of AWACS planes. In which case it makes far more sense to maximise the amount of time each AWACS on stay on station.
There is a clear difference in doctrine. Absolutely. Especially between Chinese and American AWACS. Even between American AWACS and AEW.
AEW like the E2 Hawkeye may now have refueling but they at most have a crew of 5 there primarily for warning about incoming missiles and threats to the Mother ship. In a ground based role they are a regional defense asset again hunting for intruders.

AWACS like the E3 and E7 are a higher tier they are Expeditionary Theater control deployed globally so on station time is more important. Hence the refueling hence the rest area. Globaleye sits below this trying to offer similar capabilities at a lower size investment with a bonus of some surface ISR.
My point was to show how AWACS can and do have rest areas. No not bunks though there are military aircraft that do have those. Those are generally widebody based VVIP or flying nuclear command posts.

The Chinese AWACS are in middle tier. They are regional. As such they don’t need as much in rest or refueling. It’s likely part of why they favor the Y8/Y9 family. They could eventually evolve to expeditionary operations but they are not there yet. It’s At this stage still tied to a denial stratagem.
 
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