News on China's scientific and technological development.
- Thread starter Quickie
- Start date
Scientists from CAS and SJTU developed a low cost and high biocompatible carbon-based nano material called "carbon quantum dots" (CDs) from bio waste such as leaf and straw clippings.
CDs can convert ultraviolet radiation and green light into red light. This is very useful for plant growth because ultraviolet radiation cannot be used in photosynthesis. Utilization of green light is also low in the process.
In the lab tests, CDs were mixed in liquid cultures to grow blue-green algae. Bacteria created by the algae were 2.4 times faster in capturing CO2 and produced 2.2 times more glycerol. Thale cress sprayed with CDs on leaves grew 1.8 times more bio mass.
The researchers have patent applications pending on the invention. They have also identified a variety of crops that CDs have positive effects on, including peanut, corn and soybean. They are taking it to large scale tests in fields for the next step.
3月10日，记者从中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院获悉，该院合成生物学研究所高翔团队联合上海交通大学杨琛团队，研发出一种以秸秆、叶片和杂草等农业废弃物生物质为原料合成的碳基纳米材料——碳量子点（CDs），并将其用于增强植物的光合作用。相关研究成果发表在《通讯·材料》上。
据悉，该材料不仅可以将植物无法吸收的紫外光、吸收效率低的绿光转换为红光，还能够将吸收的光子激发产生电子，为光合电子传递链提供额外的电子。
研究团队将其添加至蓝藻液体培养基中或喷施在植物上，实验结果表明，生成产甘油的蓝藻工程菌，其二氧化碳固定速率提高2.4倍，甘油的产量增加2.2倍；而拟南芥的植物生物量则提高1.8倍，这一结果充分展示了碳量子点在提高光合效率和植物生长方面的巨大潜力。
通过技术经济分析显示，该材料不仅表现出出色的光能吸收利用能力，还具备低成本和高生物相容性的优势，在未来农业生产和光驱生物制造领域具备应用前景。
该研究开发的新技术不仅能够提高光合作用效率，还能将农业废弃生物质回收利用。目前，研究团队基于该技术，已申请发明专利并进入成果转化阶段，推动该技术在农业中的应用示范。
另悉，高翔团队已与多个团队基于该研究成果进一步开展合作，初步实验显示，该材料对浮萍、花生、玉米和大豆等农作物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用，目前正在计划开展户外大田实验。
CDs can convert ultraviolet radiation and green light into red light. This is very useful for plant growth because ultraviolet radiation cannot be used in photosynthesis. Utilization of green light is also low in the process.
In the lab tests, CDs were mixed in liquid cultures to grow blue-green algae. Bacteria created by the algae were 2.4 times faster in capturing CO2 and produced 2.2 times more glycerol. Thale cress sprayed with CDs on leaves grew 1.8 times more bio mass.
The researchers have patent applications pending on the invention. They have also identified a variety of crops that CDs have positive effects on, including peanut, corn and soybean. They are taking it to large scale tests in fields for the next step.
3月10日，记者从中国科学院深圳先进技术研究院获悉，该院合成生物学研究所高翔团队联合上海交通大学杨琛团队，研发出一种以秸秆、叶片和杂草等农业废弃物生物质为原料合成的碳基纳米材料——碳量子点（CDs），并将其用于增强植物的光合作用。相关研究成果发表在《通讯·材料》上。
据悉，该材料不仅可以将植物无法吸收的紫外光、吸收效率低的绿光转换为红光，还能够将吸收的光子激发产生电子，为光合电子传递链提供额外的电子。
研究团队将其添加至蓝藻液体培养基中或喷施在植物上，实验结果表明，生成产甘油的蓝藻工程菌，其二氧化碳固定速率提高2.4倍，甘油的产量增加2.2倍；而拟南芥的植物生物量则提高1.8倍，这一结果充分展示了碳量子点在提高光合效率和植物生长方面的巨大潜力。
通过技术经济分析显示，该材料不仅表现出出色的光能吸收利用能力，还具备低成本和高生物相容性的优势，在未来农业生产和光驱生物制造领域具备应用前景。
该研究开发的新技术不仅能够提高光合作用效率，还能将农业废弃生物质回收利用。目前，研究团队基于该技术，已申请发明专利并进入成果转化阶段，推动该技术在农业中的应用示范。
另悉，高翔团队已与多个团队基于该研究成果进一步开展合作，初步实验显示，该材料对浮萍、花生、玉米和大豆等农作物的生长具有不同程度的促进作用，目前正在计划开展户外大田实验。
Yet another critical breakthrough in quantum computing by Prof. Pan and his team of UTSC.
中国科学技术大学潘建伟、陆朝阳、霍永恒等在国际上首次实现效率超越可扩展线性光量子计算损失容忍阈值的高性能单光子源，相关综合指标达到了国际最先进水平，为未来实现通用光量子计算奠定了关键技术基础。相关研究成果于2月28日在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然·光子学》上。
光子作为量子信息处理的重要载体，具有速度快、室温操作、抗环境干扰强等优势，但光子易损失的物理特性一直是大规模光量子计算的核心挑战。理论表明，单光子源的效率必须高于2/3的阈值，可扩展的线性光量子计算才具备可行性。然而，历经近半个世纪的技术攻关，此前所有确定性全同单光子源的效率始终未能突破该阈值，成为制约光量子计算发展的关键障碍。
审稿人高度评价这项研究工作，认为“实现光源系统效率高于光量子计算中损耗容忍阈值是一个里程碑”，“这些结果无疑是朝着理想单光子源迈出的又一大步”。
光子作为量子信息处理的重要载体，具有速度快、室温操作、抗环境干扰强等优势，但光子易损失的物理特性一直是大规模光量子计算的核心挑战。理论表明，单光子源的效率必须高于2/3的损失容忍阈值，可扩展的线性光量子计算才具备可行性。然而，历经近半个世纪的技术攻关，此前所有确定性全同单光子源的效率始终未能突破该阈值，成为制约光量子计算发展的关键障碍。
为攻克该难题，研究团队发展了一种可调谐的开放式光学微腔，实现了量子点与微腔在谐振频率及空间定位的双重精准耦合，解决了传统固定式微腔的失谐难题。
此外，团队发展了一种脉冲整形激发技术，使单光子源的整体性能得到显著提升。该单光子源的单光子性能优于98.0%，光子全同性优于98.6%，系统效率达到71.2%，提取效率达到80.6%，首次突破了2/3的损失容忍阈值，并实现了1.89分贝的强度压缩。相关综合指标达到了国际最先进水平。
High-efficiency single-photon source above the loss-tolerant threshold for efficient linear optical quantum computing
Photon loss is the biggest problem for scalable photonic quantum information processing. This issue can be tackled through quantum error correction, provided that the overall photon loss is below a threshold of one-third. However, all reported on-demand and indistinguishable single-photon sources still fall short of this threshold. Here, by using tailor shaped laser pulse excitation on a high-quantum efficiency single quantum dot deterministically coupled to a tunable open microcavity, we simultaneously demonstrate a high-performance source with a low multi-photon error of g(2)(0) = 0.0205(6), photon indistinguishability of 0.9856(13) and overall system efficiency of 0.712(18). This source for the first time reaches the efficiency threshold for scalable photonic quantum computing. With this source, we further demonstrate 1.89(14) dB intensity squeezing, and consecutive 40-photon events with a count rate of 1.67 mHz.中国科学技术大学潘建伟、陆朝阳、霍永恒等在国际上首次实现效率超越可扩展线性光量子计算损失容忍阈值的高性能单光子源，相关综合指标达到了国际最先进水平，为未来实现通用光量子计算奠定了关键技术基础。相关研究成果于2月28日在线发表于国际学术期刊《自然·光子学》上。
光子作为量子信息处理的重要载体，具有速度快、室温操作、抗环境干扰强等优势，但光子易损失的物理特性一直是大规模光量子计算的核心挑战。理论表明，单光子源的效率必须高于2/3的阈值，可扩展的线性光量子计算才具备可行性。然而，历经近半个世纪的技术攻关，此前所有确定性全同单光子源的效率始终未能突破该阈值，成为制约光量子计算发展的关键障碍。
审稿人高度评价这项研究工作，认为“实现光源系统效率高于光量子计算中损耗容忍阈值是一个里程碑”，“这些结果无疑是朝着理想单光子源迈出的又一大步”。
光子作为量子信息处理的重要载体，具有速度快、室温操作、抗环境干扰强等优势，但光子易损失的物理特性一直是大规模光量子计算的核心挑战。理论表明，单光子源的效率必须高于2/3的损失容忍阈值，可扩展的线性光量子计算才具备可行性。然而，历经近半个世纪的技术攻关，此前所有确定性全同单光子源的效率始终未能突破该阈值，成为制约光量子计算发展的关键障碍。
为攻克该难题，研究团队发展了一种可调谐的开放式光学微腔，实现了量子点与微腔在谐振频率及空间定位的双重精准耦合，解决了传统固定式微腔的失谐难题。
此外，团队发展了一种脉冲整形激发技术，使单光子源的整体性能得到显著提升。该单光子源的单光子性能优于98.0%，光子全同性优于98.6%，系统效率达到71.2%，提取效率达到80.6%，首次突破了2/3的损失容忍阈值，并实现了1.89分贝的强度压缩。相关综合指标达到了国际最先进水平。
A subsidiary of China Telecom has officially obtained a national invention patent for key 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology, marking a significant step in achieving technological independence for the next-generation wireless technology..
A subsidiary of China Telecom has officially obtained a national invention patent for key 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology, marking a significant step in achieving technological independence for the next-generation wireless technology, laying a core technical foundation for building a fully connected "space-air-ground-sea" network in the future.
The national invention patent, roughly translated as "A Method for 6G-Based Integrated Space-Air-Ground Transmission Optimization and Topographic Mapping," is a crucial 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology.
In the research direction of satellite-terrestrial integration, China Telecom is leading the national project "6G Satellite Communication Access and Networking Technology," proposing a backward-compatible approach that leverages ground network technology to drive the development of satellite communications.
A subsidiary of China Telecom has officially obtained a national invention patent for key 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology, marking a significant step in achieving technological independence for the next-generation wireless technology, laying a core technical foundation for building a fully connected "space-air-ground-sea" network in the future.
The national invention patent, roughly translated as "A Method for 6G-Based Integrated Space-Air-Ground Transmission Optimization and Topographic Mapping," is a crucial 6G satellite-terrestrial integration technology.
In the research direction of satellite-terrestrial integration, China Telecom is leading the national project "6G Satellite Communication Access and Networking Technology," proposing a backward-compatible approach that leverages ground network technology to drive the development of satellite communications.
supercat
Colonel
Huawei is entering the healthcare field.
5G assisted China-Kenya long distance remote medical procedure:
Nuclear battery can be used as a permanent power source for implantable devices such as pacemaker and for space exploration. The battery is enclosed in a diamond shell to shied radiation.
5G assisted China-Kenya long distance remote medical procedure:
Nuclear battery can be used as a permanent power source for implantable devices such as pacemaker and for space exploration. The battery is enclosed in a diamond shell to shied radiation.
Last edited:
broadsword
Brigadier
Power is equivalent to a 1-3/4 hp aircon. Although it does not say how efficient it is compared to a normal aircon, no compressor is used. You still need a blower, but that is the low-energy part.
This technology must be closely guarded.
World's first kilowatt-scale elastocaloric green cooling device developed
by Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Illustration of the kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have developed the world's first kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. The device can stabilize indoor temperatures at a comfortable 21°C–22°C in just 15 minutes, even when outdoor temperatures reach between 30°C and 31°C, marking a significant breakthrough toward the commercial application of elastocaloric solid-state cooling technology.
The research findings have been published in the journal Nature, offering a promising solution to combat climate change and accelerate the low-carbon transformation of the global cooling industry.
As global warming intensifies, the demand for air conditioning and cooling has been growing, with cooling already accounting for 20% of global electricity consumption. Mainstream vapor compression cooling technology relies on refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP).
As an eco-friendly alternative, solid-state cooling technology based on the elastocaloric effect of shape memory alloys (SMAs) has drawn substantial focus from both academia and industry due to its zero greenhouse gas emissions and high energy efficiency potential.
However, the maximum cooling power of previous elastocaloric cooling devices was around 260 watts, which could not meet the kilowatt-scale requirement for commercial air conditioning. The HKUST research team, led by Prof. Sun Qingping and Prof. Yao Shuhuai, both professors from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), identified that this bottleneck stems from two core issues: (1) the difficulty in balancing the specific cooling power (SCP) of the refrigerant with the total active mass; and (2) insufficient heat transfer efficiency during high-frequency operation.
To overcome these limitations, the research team proposed an "SMAs in series—fluid in parallel" multi-cell architecture design. This architecture serially connects 10 elastocaloric cooling units along the direction of force application, with each unit containing four thin-walled nickel-titanium alloy tubes, totaling a mass of only 104.4 grams.
The nickel-titanium tubes feature a high surface area-to-volume ratio of 7.51 mm-1 that significantly improves heat exchange efficiency. Meanwhile, the parallel fluid channel design keeps system pressure below 1.5 bar, ensuring stable high-frequency operation.
Another key innovation is replacing traditional distilled water with graphene nanofluid, a cutting-edge heat transfer medium with exceptional thermal conductivity. Experiments showed that graphene nanofluid, at just 2 grams per liter concentration, conducts heat 50% more efficiently than distilled water.
The diameter of its nanoparticles (0.8 micrometers) is much smaller than the width of the fluid channels (150–500 micrometers), avoiding blockage risks. X-ray tomography confirmed that the nickel-titanium tubes maintained uniform compressive deformation under a stress of 950 megapascals without buckling failure.
Application of our kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Assembly and operation of the elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Application of our kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Assembly and operation of the elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
At a high frequency of 3.5 Hz, the device achieved a specific cooling power of 12.3 W/g and a total cooling power of 1,284 watts (under zero temperature lift conditions), demonstrating its practical viability in real-world conditions.
In practical application tests, the device successfully cooled a 2.7 m3 model house in a summer outdoor environment with temperatures between 30℃ and 31℃, stabilizing the indoor temperature at a comfortable 21℃–22 ℃ in 15 minutes.
Comparison of refrigeration performance. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Compared with existing solid-state cooling technologies, this pioneering device leads in terms of cooling power and temperature lift performance. Its SCP value (12.3 W/g) nearly triples the previous record of liquid heat transfer elastocaloric devices (4.4 W/g), and it has for the first time broken through the kilowatt-scale cooling threshold.
Prof. Sun Qingping said, "This achievement demonstrates the potential for the large-scale application of elastocaloric cooling technology. We are working with the industry to drive its commercialization.
"As global regulations on hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) tighten, this zero-emission, energy-efficient cooling technology is poised to reshape the air conditioning industry and provide a key technical solution for carbon neutrality. Consumers will also benefit from lower energy bills while the technological advancements enable more compact cooling devices that save valuable indoor space."
Prof. Yao Shuhuai said, "In the future, the system's cooling performance can be further improved by developing new elastocaloric materials and optimizing the rotary drive architecture. These improvements can help achieve larger cooling powers, meaning indoor environments can be cooled down in significantly less time."
This innovation has come as another major breakthrough by the research team in less than a year. It builds on their previous success with a multi-material elastocaloric device that sets a record of 75 K temperature life, as published in Nature Energy in 2024.
This technology must be closely guarded.
World's first kilowatt-scale elastocaloric green cooling device developed
by Hong Kong University of Science and Technology
Illustration of the kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Researchers at the Hong Kong University of Science and Technology (HKUST) have developed the world's first kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. The device can stabilize indoor temperatures at a comfortable 21°C–22°C in just 15 minutes, even when outdoor temperatures reach between 30°C and 31°C, marking a significant breakthrough toward the commercial application of elastocaloric solid-state cooling technology.
The research findings have been published in the journal Nature, offering a promising solution to combat climate change and accelerate the low-carbon transformation of the global cooling industry.
As global warming intensifies, the demand for air conditioning and cooling has been growing, with cooling already accounting for 20% of global electricity consumption. Mainstream vapor compression cooling technology relies on refrigerants with high global warming potential (GWP).
As an eco-friendly alternative, solid-state cooling technology based on the elastocaloric effect of shape memory alloys (SMAs) has drawn substantial focus from both academia and industry due to its zero greenhouse gas emissions and high energy efficiency potential.
However, the maximum cooling power of previous elastocaloric cooling devices was around 260 watts, which could not meet the kilowatt-scale requirement for commercial air conditioning. The HKUST research team, led by Prof. Sun Qingping and Prof. Yao Shuhuai, both professors from the Department of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering (MAE), identified that this bottleneck stems from two core issues: (1) the difficulty in balancing the specific cooling power (SCP) of the refrigerant with the total active mass; and (2) insufficient heat transfer efficiency during high-frequency operation.
To overcome these limitations, the research team proposed an "SMAs in series—fluid in parallel" multi-cell architecture design. This architecture serially connects 10 elastocaloric cooling units along the direction of force application, with each unit containing four thin-walled nickel-titanium alloy tubes, totaling a mass of only 104.4 grams.
The nickel-titanium tubes feature a high surface area-to-volume ratio of 7.51 mm-1 that significantly improves heat exchange efficiency. Meanwhile, the parallel fluid channel design keeps system pressure below 1.5 bar, ensuring stable high-frequency operation.
Another key innovation is replacing traditional distilled water with graphene nanofluid, a cutting-edge heat transfer medium with exceptional thermal conductivity. Experiments showed that graphene nanofluid, at just 2 grams per liter concentration, conducts heat 50% more efficiently than distilled water.
The diameter of its nanoparticles (0.8 micrometers) is much smaller than the width of the fluid channels (150–500 micrometers), avoiding blockage risks. X-ray tomography confirmed that the nickel-titanium tubes maintained uniform compressive deformation under a stress of 950 megapascals without buckling failure.
Application of our kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Assembly and operation of the elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Application of our kilowatt-scale elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Assembly and operation of the elastocaloric cooling device. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
At a high frequency of 3.5 Hz, the device achieved a specific cooling power of 12.3 W/g and a total cooling power of 1,284 watts (under zero temperature lift conditions), demonstrating its practical viability in real-world conditions.
In practical application tests, the device successfully cooled a 2.7 m3 model house in a summer outdoor environment with temperatures between 30℃ and 31℃, stabilizing the indoor temperature at a comfortable 21℃–22 ℃ in 15 minutes.
Comparison of refrigeration performance. Credit: Nature (2025). DOI: 10.1038/s41586-024-08549-9
Compared with existing solid-state cooling technologies, this pioneering device leads in terms of cooling power and temperature lift performance. Its SCP value (12.3 W/g) nearly triples the previous record of liquid heat transfer elastocaloric devices (4.4 W/g), and it has for the first time broken through the kilowatt-scale cooling threshold.
Prof. Sun Qingping said, "This achievement demonstrates the potential for the large-scale application of elastocaloric cooling technology. We are working with the industry to drive its commercialization.
"As global regulations on hydrofluorocarbons (HFCs) tighten, this zero-emission, energy-efficient cooling technology is poised to reshape the air conditioning industry and provide a key technical solution for carbon neutrality. Consumers will also benefit from lower energy bills while the technological advancements enable more compact cooling devices that save valuable indoor space."
Prof. Yao Shuhuai said, "In the future, the system's cooling performance can be further improved by developing new elastocaloric materials and optimizing the rotary drive architecture. These improvements can help achieve larger cooling powers, meaning indoor environments can be cooled down in significantly less time."
This innovation has come as another major breakthrough by the research team in less than a year. It builds on their previous success with a multi-material elastocaloric device that sets a record of 75 K temperature life, as published in Nature Energy in 2024.
Important inventions for indoor farming.
From Xi'an Jiaotong Universit.
近年来，随着脑科学、再生医学、人工智能等领域的迅速发展与深度融合，生物神经修复、脑机接口等技术正逐渐从设想变为现实。人工神经是用于临床神经修复和脑机接口的重要技术，需要具备能够放大、记忆、整合、传递生物体内微弱且高频的信号（高达1千赫兹、低于50毫伏）的能力。这要求人工神经同时具备快速响应、高放大能力和良好生物相容性，并实现感知-处理-记忆功能的一体化融合。传统硅基电路虽然性能强大，但缺乏对神经递质等生物化学信号的响应能力，无法实现化学调控，且电路结构复杂、硬质，生物相容性差、难以与柔软神经组织长期稳定连接等关键问题。
针对以上问题，西安交通大学金属材料强度全国重点实验室马伟教授领导研究团队设计了一种新型具有梯度双连续结构（GIBS）的垂直有机电化学晶体管（v-OECT）器件，构筑了生物相容性好、可化学调控的高性能人工神经，相关成果发表在《自然-电子》（Nature Electronics）。GIBS结构是在聚合物半导体垂直沟道上顺序沉积了具有生物相容和分子掺杂效应的离子导体，可形成连续的电子和离子高速传输通道并实现n型掺杂，从而破解了电荷与离子难以同时高效传输的难题。此外，GIBS结构能够抑制上层离子导体对下层聚合物半导体结晶结构的破坏，提供高离子脱嵌势垒以实现离子的长期存储，确保了良好的电导记忆性能。同时，上层的离子导体还具有促进细胞生长的作用，为器件提供生物相容性的神经界面。得益于上述“一石三鸟”的设计，具有GIBS结构的有机电化学晶体管（OECT）实现了高跨导和超快响应速度，综合性能为目前报道的n型OECT中的最高值。其作为感受器，可对光、电、化学等多模态信号实现高灵敏响应；作为神经元，可通过互补反相器实现248V/V的高电压增益和1.5kHz的高截止频率；作为神经突触，可实现100kHz的高频电导读写和长时间的电导记忆。由以上三部分均质集成而构建的人工神经，不仅具有良好的生物相容性和长期植入稳定性，还可以在钙离子的化学介导下以超过250Hz的频率实现对外界信号的感知-处理-记忆功能，覆盖了所有已知生物神经的刷新频率范围。通过植入实验，该人工神经成功使神经功能受损的小鼠恢复了条件反射能力。该研究在有机半导体和新兴神经电子学领域具有重要科学价值和应用前景，为脑机接口开发和各类神经系统疾病的治疗提供了新思路，特别是对脊髓损伤、周围神经损伤等疾病的修复具有积极意义。
A high-frequency artificial nerve based on homogeneously integrated organic electrochemical transistors
Artificial nerves that are capable of sensing, processing and memory functions at bio-realistic frequencies are of potential use in nerve repair and brain–machine interfaces. n-type organic electrochemical transistors are a possible building block for artificial nerves, as their positive-potential-triggered potentiation behaviour can mimic that of biological cells. However, the devices are limited by weak ionic and electronic transport and storage properties, which leads to poor volatile and non-volatile performance and, in particular, a slow response. We describe a high-frequency artificial nerve based on homogeneously integrated organic electrochemical transistors. We fabricate a vertical n-type organic electrochemical transistor with a gradient-intermixed bicontinuous structure that simultaneously enhances the ionic and electronic transport and the ion storage. The transistor exhibits a volatile response of 27 μs, a 100-kHz non-volatile memory frequency and a long state-retention time. Our integrated artificial nerve, which contains vertical n-type and p-type organic electrochemical transistors, offers sensing, processing and memory functions in the high-frequency domain. We also show that the artificial nerve can be integrated into animal models with compromised neural functions and that it can mimic basic conditioned reflex behaviour.近年来，随着脑科学、再生医学、人工智能等领域的迅速发展与深度融合，生物神经修复、脑机接口等技术正逐渐从设想变为现实。人工神经是用于临床神经修复和脑机接口的重要技术，需要具备能够放大、记忆、整合、传递生物体内微弱且高频的信号（高达1千赫兹、低于50毫伏）的能力。这要求人工神经同时具备快速响应、高放大能力和良好生物相容性，并实现感知-处理-记忆功能的一体化融合。传统硅基电路虽然性能强大，但缺乏对神经递质等生物化学信号的响应能力，无法实现化学调控，且电路结构复杂、硬质，生物相容性差、难以与柔软神经组织长期稳定连接等关键问题。
针对以上问题，西安交通大学金属材料强度全国重点实验室马伟教授领导研究团队设计了一种新型具有梯度双连续结构（GIBS）的垂直有机电化学晶体管（v-OECT）器件，构筑了生物相容性好、可化学调控的高性能人工神经，相关成果发表在《自然-电子》（Nature Electronics）。GIBS结构是在聚合物半导体垂直沟道上顺序沉积了具有生物相容和分子掺杂效应的离子导体，可形成连续的电子和离子高速传输通道并实现n型掺杂，从而破解了电荷与离子难以同时高效传输的难题。此外，GIBS结构能够抑制上层离子导体对下层聚合物半导体结晶结构的破坏，提供高离子脱嵌势垒以实现离子的长期存储，确保了良好的电导记忆性能。同时，上层的离子导体还具有促进细胞生长的作用，为器件提供生物相容性的神经界面。得益于上述“一石三鸟”的设计，具有GIBS结构的有机电化学晶体管（OECT）实现了高跨导和超快响应速度，综合性能为目前报道的n型OECT中的最高值。其作为感受器，可对光、电、化学等多模态信号实现高灵敏响应；作为神经元，可通过互补反相器实现248V/V的高电压增益和1.5kHz的高截止频率；作为神经突触，可实现100kHz的高频电导读写和长时间的电导记忆。由以上三部分均质集成而构建的人工神经，不仅具有良好的生物相容性和长期植入稳定性，还可以在钙离子的化学介导下以超过250Hz的频率实现对外界信号的感知-处理-记忆功能，覆盖了所有已知生物神经的刷新频率范围。通过植入实验，该人工神经成功使神经功能受损的小鼠恢复了条件反射能力。该研究在有机半导体和新兴神经电子学领域具有重要科学价值和应用前景，为脑机接口开发和各类神经系统疾病的治疗提供了新思路，特别是对脊髓损伤、周围神经损伤等疾病的修复具有积极意义。