News on China's scientific and technological development.

Wrought

Junior Member
Registered Member
It's very good that so many have returned. But if not for the current extreme anti-china climate and racism one wonders whether these people would even think of returning to help the country.

You can't expect everyone to put state interest above self-interest; that's just not how humans work. Best you can do is ensure that self-interest is incentivized to serve state interest wherever possible. Like here.
 

supercat

Major
Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has a high incidence rate in Southeast Asia including Southeast China and Hong Kong. The DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is frequently found in NPC patient's plasma and cancer cells, although the exact mechanism of how EBV causes NPC is still unknown. Hong Kong researchers now can predict the occurrence of NPC up to 4 years in advance by analyzing the plasma DNA sequence of EBV.
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Fragmentomics profiling and quantification of plasma Epstein-Barr virus DNA enhance prediction of future nasopharyngeal carcinoma​

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measuredingabens

Junior Member
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Nasopharyngeal cancer (NPC) has a high incidence rate in Southeast Asia including Southeast China and Hong Kong. The DNA of Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is frequently found in NPC patient's plasma and cancer cells, although the exact mechanism of how EBV causes NPC is still unknown. Hong Kong researchers now can predict the occurrence of NPC up to 4 years in advance by analyzing the plasma DNA sequence of EBV.
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Huh. This might be an area where transcriptomic analysis could be beneficial in finding the mechanism behind EBV-associated cancer. I'd be interested in seeing the differences in gene expression in EBV associated nasopharyngeal cancer.
 

SanWenYu

Captain
Registered Member
Tianjing University improved performance and efficiency of superconducting nanowire single photon detectors with fractals. China already leads in superconducting single photon detectors in the world.

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Fractal superconducting nanowire single-photon detectors (SNSPDs) have been demonstrated with high system detection efficiency for incident photons in all states of polarization. This paper aims at presenting the nano- and mico-fabrication development of the high-performance fractal SNSPDs, with particular emphasis on the important experimental nuances that are key to the success of these devices. We believe that the paper will benefit the community by facilitating the fabrication of the fractal SNSPDs, and therefore, more advanced devices, based on the fractal SNSPDs, but with additional functionality, can be made and developed in the future.

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3月14日,记者从天津大学获悉,该校精密仪器与光电子工程学院胡小龙教授课题组成功研制了一种具有分形结构的超导纳米线单光子探测器(以下简称“分形SNSPD”)。这一成果能够为光量子计算、量子密钥分发、远距离空间光通信、光学成像等领域的应用提供性能优异的单光子探测器。相关研究成果发表在国际期刊《IEEE 量子电子学精选期刊》上。

据介绍,单光子探测器是一种具有极限灵敏度的光电探测器,在捕捉和记录光信号方面发挥着至关重要的作用,是推动高灵敏探测、弱光成像、光量子信息处理技术发展的不可或缺的核心器件。然而,传统的单光子探测器或者受限于探测光谱范围、响应速度、信噪比,或者探测效率受限于光子的偏振态(光的极化方向)。研究团队以自然界的分形几何为灵感,设计出一种全新的分形纳米线结构,为偏振无关的高效率单光子探测开辟了新路径。

分形纳米线结构复杂而精密。一方面,这种几何结构赋予了单光子探测器高效率探测任意偏振态入射光子的能力;另一方面,分形纳米线结构也对器件和芯片的微纳加工工艺提出了很高的要求。为了实现设计的器件结构与功能,纳米线的宽度要在40纳米,也就是人的头发直径的1/2500,而且加工出来的纳米线必须边沿光滑没有缺陷。

研究团队利用先进的纳米加工技术,经过多年的研发与工艺迭代,形成了稳定的器件与芯片的微纳加工流程。针对应用场景,在多个工作波段研制出性能优异的分形SNSPD器件、芯片、模块、系统。

分形SNSPD的应用前景非常广阔。单光子探测器对光量子计算系统至关重要,能够高效捕获量子信息。研究团队已经与国内多个单位合作,将分形SNSPD应用于实验量子光学以及对纳米激光器的表征。此外,在光通信领域,新型探测器有望显著提升光子所携带的信息的传输速度,降低信号损失,为超远距离的空间光通信提供有力支撑。该探测器还将在光学成像领域发挥重要作用,特别是在医学诊断中,能够提供更高的分辨率和更清晰的成像效果,助力早期诊断和精准治疗。

研究团队负责人胡小龙教授表示,分形SNSPD这项技术的成功不仅显著提升了单光子探测器的性能,更是微纳光电子器件与分形几何的交叉融合,是从原始创意到实用化器件与系统全链条自主研发的创新实践。团队的下一步计划是将分形SNSPD这一技术推向产业化,以推动相关领域和产业的发展。
 

SanWenYu

Captain
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The prototype of China's first unmanned extraterrestrial mining robot has been revealed. Designed by China University of Mining and Technology, this hexapod has three wheeled legs and three clawed ones to balance between agility and stability in microgravity conditions.

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中国矿业大学刘新华教授团队研发的多功能太空采矿机器人,与时下火爆的人形机器人以及机器狗等不同,太空采矿机器人的基本形态为六足模式,有三个轮足和三个爪足。刘新华教授告诉记者,之所以这样设计,主要是为了适应太空中的微重力环境。

太空采矿机器人要在地外星体上完成地质勘探和矿物采集任务,钻探属于必备技能。在地球重力环境下,机器人本身的重量就足以支撑钻头钻进,而月球重力只有地球的六分之一,小行星上大多是低微重力,如何让钻头顺利钻进星体表面就成了大问题。


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SanWenYu

Captain
Registered Member
Wounds in skins can be difficult to heal due to exposure to UV in sunlight. Chinese scientists develop a bionic hydrogel that turns UV from being detrimental to being helpful in wound healing.

The researchers have pending patent on this invention. They are working with the pharmaceutical industry to get the approval for clinical uses in three years.

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中新网杭州3月14日电(张煜欢)皮肤创伤常为许多人带来困扰,尤其是一些难以愈合的伤口,治疗过程漫长且痛苦。近日,中国科学家研制出一种新型仿生材料,该种材料实现了海洋防晒分子与人源胶原蛋白的“完美”重组,能通过“晒太阳”的方式加速伤口愈合,为皮肤创伤治疗带来新的希望。日前,材料科学顶级国际期刊《先进材料》发表了上述研究成果。

临床发现,暴露在阳光下的伤口愈合时间平均延长40%,且更易留下疤痕。前述研究成果利用合成生物学技术,将海洋天然抗紫外辐射成分与重组人源XVII型胶原蛋白“编织”成透明水凝胶,创造出无色透明、兼具紫外线防护和高效伤口修复功能的新型仿生材料。

论文共同通讯作者、浙江中医药大学第一附属医院研究员陈喆指出,外伤通常发生在暴露的皮肤区域,紫外辐射可导致炎症反应,形成结痂,从而阻碍伤口的正常愈合。好的伤口管理材料往往需同时满足对加速伤口愈合、紫外线防护及隐形性(无色透明)的要求。

论文共同通讯作者、浙江大学化学系教授汤谷平介绍称,目前现有的透明创伤管理敷料,大多缺乏针对UVA(长波黑斑效应紫外线)的防护功能设计,团队一直在寻求利用天然生物材料构建一种新型的无色透明且又具有高效促伤口愈合的材料。

“海洋生物暴露在强烈的紫外辐射环境中,它们会合成自己的‘防晒霜’来防止紫外辐射对自身DNA的损伤。”论文共同通讯作者、浙江大学海洋学院副教授王楠说,P334就是一种能够强烈吸收UVA的天然紫外防护分子。

为找寻原料来源,研究团队克隆了海洋沉积物中的细菌及藻类生物中负责合成P334的基因,并利用合成生物学技术把它们高水平表达在链霉菌中,解决了这种自然界含量极低的小分子化合物的原料来源问题。

团队研究发现,新材料制成的透明水凝胶能有效阻隔紫外线,同时持续释放促愈因子。实验显示,使用该敷料的小鼠伤口在紫外线暴露下10天愈合率提升60%,且新生皮肤更接近正常组织结构。

此外,该材料的透明性、可注射性及可穿戴性,也突破了常规敷料以包扎为主要形式的局限。目前,研究团队已着手开发便携式伤口喷剂、可穿戴修复贴片等产品形态。

研究团队透露,该技术已申请国家发明专利,并与多家医疗器械企业达成合作意向。专家称,这种“晒太阳也能愈合”的新材料有望在3年内进入临床,为外伤、烧伤及糖尿病皮肤溃疡患者带来福音。
 

SanWenYu

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Strong, heat resistant and lightweight bionic ceramic-metal composite with potentials in space and military use.

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Natural nacre that consists of brittle minerals and weak organics exhibits a high fracture toughness while retaining a high strength. The exceptional mechanical performance of nacre is attributed to its hierarchical structure like a ‘brick-and-mortar’ structure, which has inspired the development of tough ceramic-based composites. However, the practical applications of biomimetic structural ceramics are hindered by limited material size, fabrication efficiency and flexibility of being molded into various shapes. We herein report the fabrication of nacre-like ceramic-metal composites based on deformable alumina microspheres coated with nickel salt. Green bodies are produced by assembling the composite microspheres in molds with different shapes. During the hot-pressing sintering of the green bodies, the microspheres are flattened into platelets under pressure and fill up the entire space without visible voids. The aligned platelets are separated by nickel that is reduced from the nickel salt on their surface, constituting a typical ‘brick-and-mortar’ structure. By tuning the microsphere sizes, the microstructures of the composites can be optimized to obtain a high flexural strength (386 MPa at room temperature and 286.86 MPa at 600°C) and a high fracture toughness (12.76 MPa·m1/2 at room temperature and 12.99 MPa·m1/2 at 600°C) simultaneously. This strategy opens a promising avenue for the feasible mass production and all-in-one molding of nacre-like ceramic-metal composites with various shapes, sizes and raw materials.

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贝类软体动物拥有坚固的保护外壳,这得益于其内部精妙的珍珠母结构。这种天然的纳米复合材料,由微米尺度的文石片(“砖”)与少量有机质(“泥”),通过“砖泥堆砌”的方式巧妙地结合而成。这种跨尺度序构特征赋予了珍珠母出色的强度和韧性,使其在受到外力时能够有效地吸收和分散能量,展现出超越其单一组分的卓越力学性能,有望应用于轻量化结构复材、防护装备等领域。然而,要实现大尺寸、形状可控的生产,并满足复杂的工程需求,仍面临诸多技术挑战。

2025年3月,《国家科学评论》(National Science Review)以“Scalable and shapable nacre-like ceramic-metal composites based on deformable microspheres”为题,刊发中国科学技术大学俞书宏院士团队最新研究成果,报道了一种基于可变形微球有序组装制备高性能仿珍珠母陶瓷—金属复合材料的新策略。该材料兼具高抗弯强度与高断裂韧性,且可通过简易工艺实现大规模、多形状定制化生产,为仿珍珠母结构复合材料走向实用化提供了新路径。

研究团队打破传统的“砖泥”分步制备思路,采用“一步乳液法”首先制备了尺寸可调的氧化铝微球,经过筛后得到粒径一致的微球并在其表面包裹镍盐层,进一步通过模具组装和热压烧结,在此过程中修饰后的复合微球被压扁成片状陶瓷,金属镍层则形成分隔结构,精准地复刻了天然珍珠母的微观“砖泥”结构(图1)。结构表征显示,该材料在多个尺度上得到了优化。在宏观层面,氧化铝陶瓷片与金属镍层交替排列(图2a)。在微观层面,镍颗粒渗入陶瓷片内部增强韧性(图2b),同时,两相界面结合紧密(图2c)。这种跨尺度协同效应使优化后的复合材料在室温下抗弯强度达到386 MPa,600°C高温下仍保持286.86 MPa(图2d)。其断裂韧性更突破至12.76 MPa·m¹/²(室温)与12.99 MPa·m¹/²(高温)(图2e)。所制备的仿珍珠母复合材料在受力发生破坏时,裂纹会沿陶瓷-金属界面发生偏转,通过能量耗散避免瞬间失效,这一特性使其在极端环境(如航天器热防护、高速冲击防护涂层)中极具应用潜力。

这项研究是继该团队实现人工合成珍珠母工作的基础上(Science2016,354,107),进一步将仿珍珠母结构设计理念拓展至陶瓷—金属复合材料体系,并与快速塑形制备技术相结合,为助力仿生结构材料从实验室走向实用化迈出了关键一步。

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