News on China's scientific and technological development.

jli88

Junior Member
Registered Member
Take the Fraunhofer Institute, who are world leaders in terms of applied research.

If you look at their financials, they spend around 100K euro per person.
Average salary looks around 50K. Add then another 20% for indirect labour costs.

You can already see that a slight majority of all spending is on labour.

I am not aware of their business model, do they work in government funded research facilities, using government funding indirectly?

On infrastructure and equipment, I would say that domestic Chinese equipment does have a significant overall advantage in terms of costs, when compared to elsewhere.

On the topic of AI, Macro Polo reports that in 2022, half of the world's top-tier AI researchers did their undergraduate degrees in China. We can expect this trend to continue in China's favour, given the AI frenzy in China, which is even more pronounced than in the US.

Many Chinese researchers work do not bother with leaving China, given the language and culture differences.
And of the Chinese researchers in the USA, given the hostile political climate, they will be subject to a glass ceiling. That will drive them back to China where they have better opportunities.

On AI hardware, we see an arms race, to build every larger Language Models. But I'm doubtful how useful this will be, because the results all depend on accuracy of the data and also the viewpoint fed into the models.

For example, a model trained on US data would support Israel, and omit the fact the successive Israeli governments and the Israeli Army over the past 50 years have supported what is now 700,000 Jewish colonists in trying to take the West Bank from the existing Palestinian inhabitants.

In comparison, models trained on data from the vast majority of countries in the world would take the viewpoint that Israel didn't exist a hundred years ago, and that Israel is a colonial construct that owes its existence to taking land from the existing Palestinian inhabitants, and which they continue doing even today.

So that leaves more specialised machine-leaning models, which do not require as many resources. Ideally, you want to create as small a model as practically possible, so that it is more cost-efficient (and commercially competitive) than a larger model.

Purely on AI, the point that you are mentioning comes much much later in the model. Most of the LLMs journey is actually to recognize language patterns itself. For this a massive number of GPUs is a must, and no one can do without it. The cost of a Huawei GPU is not cheap. You would easily need a billion usd worth of GPUs to stand any chance.

Top-tier talent is not globally mobile, because China is very different in terms of language and culture. It's a lot easier to move around if everyone uses English.

Depends on what is meant of top-tier. I mean the extreme top, and I do think they are mobile. Let me look for numbers to convince you.
 

tokenanalyst

Brigadier
Registered Member

The 1,500-meter deep-sea gene sequencer developed by the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences has been successfully tested in the sea​


Recently, a deep-sea biological gene sequencer developed by the team of Researcher Wu Yihui from the Optics Laboratory of the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics of the Chinese Academy of Sciences and the team of Researcher Du Mengran from the Institute of Deep Sea Science and Engineering of the Chinese Academy of Sciences successfully passed sea trials.

From June 3 to 9, the deep-sea biological gene sequencer participated in the South China Sea scientific expedition of the "Exploration II" TS2-38-1 voyage. Assistant researcher Li Huan and doctoral student Gao Ming of the team participated in the voyage. The sequencer was deployed twice with the deep-sea in-situ laboratory, with a maximum diving depth of 1,380 meters. The first continuous sequencing lasted for 8 hours, and the second time completed the entire process from library construction, solid phase amplification to gene sequencing, working continuously for 30 hours. The Q30 quality of the two sequencing data was 92% and 95% respectively, and 97 DNA samples provided by the Chinese Academy of Metrology were successfully identified.

Over the past five years, with the care and support of leaders at all levels of the two institutes, the team has overcome difficulties in key components such as sequencing methods, genetic big data processing, library chips, multi-color optical focusing imaging, precise flow quantification, multiple dynamic temperature control, underwater packaging, and self-correcting software, and has initially realized unattended automation of the entire process from library construction to sequencing. 

The above research was supported by the Chinese Academy of Sciences' Class A Pioneer Project "Deep Sea/Abyss Intelligent Technology and Seabed In-situ Scientific Experimental Station" and the Changchun Institute of Optics, Fine Mechanics and Physics' Innovation Team Project.​


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supercat

Major
Important progress in the R&D of high-temperature superconducting materials:
Chinese Research Team Builds Fermionic Hubbard Quantum Simulator
...

The FHM is considered a promising core physical model for explaining the mechanism of high-temperature superconductivity, a problem that has perplexed the physics community for nearly forty years. Once its physical mechanism is understood, it will be possible to design, produce, and apply new high-temperature superconducting materials on a large scale, leading to transformative impacts in power transmission,
medicine, supercomputing, and other fields.


According to Pan, China will be able to develop several dedicated quantum computers capable of addressing the needs of material design, chemical research, and physical research within five to ten years.

Nature's reviewers have given high praise to the Chinese team's work, noting that it has the potential to become a milestone and significant breakthrough in modern technology and marks an important step forward in the field.
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Fermionic Hubbard quantum simulator observes antiferromagnetic phase transition​

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Antiferromagnetic phase transition in a 3D fermionic Hubbard model​

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BoraTas

Major
Registered Member
lol that's never going to happen. if they try, it will blow up in their faces spectacularly.
SMRs are a meme. I am increasingly convinced that the sporadic hype around nuclear energy is just another trick by oil corporations. We know they had funded hydrogen economy stuff to delay electrification. Nuclear energy is simply too expensive for base load. It also takes decades to scale up. For these reasons, it was outcompeted by fossil fuels in the late-20th century. And as soon as the decommissioning costs of reactors were understood in the early-00s, investments on new nuclear reactors decreased a lot.

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SMRs mean you need to build more reactors to produce the same amount of energy. Which means they are even less economic than normal reactors. Even France is not bothering and they are the only country on the planet with a strong state backing of nuclear energy.

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gelgoog

Lieutenant General
Registered Member
SMRs are only good for certain niche applications. With nuclear the larger you build the reactor the lower your price/kWh will be.
SMRs require more enriched fuel, and they are less energy efficient at burning it and converting it to power as well.

The Russians are using SMRs for powering remote places in the middle of the Arctic. That is a good use case for it.

Nuclear power plants also typically need to be built in pairs. So that you can have one station online, while another is offline during refueling. It takes months to refuel a large LWR. Like 6 months or something in some cases. You need to take the old fuel out, and replace it with new one. In the meantime the reactor is offline.
 

supercat

Major
Cutting off blood supply to tumor cells is an effective anti-cancer therapy.

Chinese scientists reveal world's largest-scale pan-cancer vascular system single-cell atlas​

Angiogenesis, the growth of new blood vessels, is essential for tumor survival and development. Anti-angiogenic therapies aim to stop tumors from growing their own blood vessels, potentially slowing cancer growth or even shrinking tumors. Blood vessels transport nutrients, enabling tumor cells to proliferate and metastasize.

"Fully revealing the characteristics of the tumor vascular microenvironment and identifying key endothelial cells that supply energy to tumor cells can provide a strong basis for the precise treatment of clinical tumor patients by intervening in nutrient supply," Yin said.
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Tumour vasculature at single-cell resolution​

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6G network is being tested.

China builds the world's first 6G field test network​

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