News on China's scientific and technological development.

tphuang

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据统计,2023年上半年,国产品牌和外资品牌工业机器人增速分别为23%、-11%,在需求偏弱的市场环境中,国产品牌实现逆势增长,上半年国产品牌的市场份额达到43.7%,同比提升7.7个百分点。今年也是外资品牌份额首次跌破60%。
this looks like it doesn't even include Kuka.
根据MIR睿工业数据,今年有3家国产厂商进入全球TOP10行列,分别为
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(300124.SZ)、埃夫特
foreign brand seeing market slide like with ABB
海外品牌在国内的市占率则有所下滑。例如,ABB第二季度财报披露,机器人和离散自动化业务同比有所下降,美国的订单增长5%,而中国订单下滑33%,汽车行业保持增长,但一般工业和
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有所下滑,导致ABB机器人整体订单数量同比下降了23%至8.5亿美元。
biggest category for increased automation are PVs & lithium ion batteries
根据埃夫特披露,从2023年上半年销售数据看,公司整机业务在下游行业销量最大的两个行业为3C和新能源(包含光伏、锂电等)。其中,在光伏行业销量约占公司整机销量超过40%;在锂电行业销量约占公司整机销量的接近10%。

行业整体来看,也显示出新能源市场的拉动趋势。据统计,光伏行业工业机器人销量增速最快,上半年实现销售1.1万台,同比增长94%;其次是汽车电子、医疗用品、
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行业机器人分别增长20%、10%、7%,电子、
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销量下滑明显,分别下滑16%、14%。

业内人士向财联社记者介绍,光伏、锂电是工业机器人应用最新也最有潜力的行业之一,工业机器人在光伏、锂电的制造中,可实现高效、安全、环保地搬运、装配、检测等,提高生产质量和效率。
so a lot of these new energy area seeing the highest capacity growth are also getting there through increased automation
 

sunnymaxi

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China saw an increasing number of patent applications and granted patents from BRI countries from 2013 to 2022. The number of patent applications filed from BRI countries in China had increased from 18,000 to 29,000, with an average annual growth rate of 5.4%..

China will also increase the number of joint laboratories built with other
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parties to 100 in the next 5 years, and support young scientists from other countries to work on short-term programs in China...

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tokenanalyst

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The team from the Department of Mechanical Engineering has made important progress in the field of micro-nano manufacturing based on colloidal self-assembly​


Tsinghua News Network, October 18th: Recently, the Department of Mechanical Engineering of Tsinghua University has made important progress in the field of micro-nano manufacturing based on colloidal self-assembly.
Microsphere lithography (SLPL) technology is based on traditional lithography, using self-assembled microsphere films instead of masks, and utilizing the optical effects of microspheres to achieve sub-wavelength scale features. Compared with the traditional mask lithography method, it has the advantages of high cost-effectiveness and easy implementation, and has gained more and more attention due to its advantages of low cost, high throughput, easy implementation and high precision. However, microsphere lithography is mainly used to produce simple pattern shapes, such as circular arrays. Although there have been many reports in the literature that complex patterns can be formed with a single exposure, there has been a long-term lack of systematic theoretical analysis, especially predictive analysis of the achievability of the various non-circular shapes that can be achieved. At the same time, numerical simulation of microsphere lithography technology suffers from the problems of numerous conditions and difficult analysis, making it difficult to draw instructive conclusions directly from the simulation results.

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In response to the above problems, the research team based on the tension gradient-induced rapid large-area self-assembly method of nanoparticles at the liquid-air interface proposed in the previous study, using a densely packed and ordered colloidal particle self-assembly structure as a template to replace the sophisticated and complex traditional nanolithography The method successfully prepared non-circular pattern shapes of rings and holes in the rings, and applied Mie theory to systematically analyze and summarize the various patterns that can be obtained through the microsphere lithography process. The theory is It is beneficial to use relatively intuitive analytical solutions to calculate, predict and optimize the results of the microsphere lithography process, and analyze the physical laws of various influencing factors. The pattern shape obtained by microsphere lithography is mainly controlled by two variables, namely normalized diameter (ratio of microsphere diameter to exposure wavelength ) and normalized refractive index (ratio of microsphere refractive index to medium refractive index ) . Most non-circular patterns obtained in previous literature can be directly predicted by this simplified model.
After the plane light passes through the microsphere, the light intensity distribution on the section tangent to the microsphere can be mainly divided into three areas, including the peak area, the middle valley area and the outer platform area. Among them, the peak region has the ability to form sub-wavelength microstructures and is the most noteworthy part that is most likely to achieve nanoscale processing. To obtain diverse shapes in this region, a lower normalized refractive index is the most critical factor. When the normalized diameter increases, the number of peaks in the central peak area also increases. However, excessive size will lead to large errors between theory and experiment and bring difficulties in the control of exposure parameters. It is usually difficult to obtain multiple concentric structures.
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Figure 2. Part of the simulation and experimental results
Based on this theory, the research team obtained single-ring and hole-ring structures through experiments, expanding the application range of microsphere lithography technology. Using a simplified model of Mie scattering theory, various possible patterns were comprehensively sorted out and predicted, further improving the theoretical basis of microsphere lithography technology. These findings could help promote broader applications of microsphere lithography in future scientific research and industry.

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sunnymaxi

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China has made a breakthrough in cooling capabilities of quantum systems, with a dilution refrigerator independently developed by a Chinese company rolling off production line recently.

Such refrigerators can provide an ultra-low temperature environment close to absolute zero.

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Source - @Chinascience
 

tacoburger

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They said that the yield of the GMO crops would be about 5.6 percent to 11.6 percent higher than their conventional counterparts, a result of strong resistance to pesticides and destructive pests such as fall armyworm.
The roll out of GMO crops are going well. But it stills needs a lot more work. China is slowly expanding the amount of land that can be planted by GMO crops, but at this rate, it's gonna take more than a decade before the land area outnumbers the amount of land being used for conventional crops.

With climate change, extreme weather and geopolitical tensions messing up the global food supply, I think China really really needs to hasten the rollout of GMO crops.

There's a few main issues I can still see with China's GMO policy, other then the slow implementation speed.

First thing is that GMO crops are still limited for crops meant solely for livestock, they are not meant for human consumption. That needs to change. GMO crops for humans have been a thing for decades, with hundreds of studies backing them up, safely issues really shouldn't be such a contentious topic.

Secondly, China only allows modification of existing genes, adding, removing or modifying existing gene within a particular crop, which limits things. For example, you can over-express the gene that already exists that regulates resistance to drought in a plant, but you can't add an entirely new gene to a plant that doesn't already have it. This really limits the kind of modifications you can do with a GMO crop.

Thirdly, no real focus GMO livestock. Unlike GMO crops, there's no policy, 5 year plans, no regulations, nothing. We're probably a decade away from seeing the first GMO livestock on chinese soil. Well work on GMO livestock is slow even in the West due to well founded concerns but it's still years ahead of where China is at. Forget super fast growth chickens or ultra fat cows, just some simple gene editing to help with disease resistance could save China billions every year. And China has the technology for this, it's just a regulation issue.
 

supercat

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Latest antimalarial medicine developed in China is more effective, easier to administer.

Africa sees new hope in malaria fight​

In case studies conducted in Kenya, second-generation artesunate for injection, developed by Chinese pharmaceutical company Fosun Pharma, has proved highly effective in treating severe malaria in children, Kenyan health experts said.

In addition, the new drug — produced under the brand name Argesun — can be easier and faster to prepare, and safer to inject, than its predecessor, which was produced under the name Artesun, and which was widely used in dozens of countries for more than 10 years.

Argesun was pre-qualified by the World Health Organization in June and has been registered in 18 African countries, according to Fosun Pharma.

Both Artesun and Argesun are innovative antimalarial drugs based on artemisinin, which was discovered by Nobel laureate Tu Youyou in the 1970s, and which has made significant contributions to global malaria control and prevention during the past two decades.
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antiterror13

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China has made a breakthrough in cooling capabilities of quantum systems, with a dilution refrigerator independently developed by a Chinese company rolling off production line recently.

Such refrigerators can provide an ultra-low temperature environment close to absolute zero.

Image


Source - @Chinascience

how close to absolute zero (0°K) ?
 

SanWenYu

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how close to absolute zero (0°K) ?
IIUC, it can reach "12mK" above the absolute 0.

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安徽省量子计算工程研究中心相关负责人张俊峰介绍:“该稀释制冷机可提供12mK以下的极低温环境及不低于400μW@100mK的制冷量,降温时间在40小时内,升温时间在24小时内,可满足超导量子计算的极低温运行环境和快速回温的要求,达到国际主流产品的水平。”
 
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