China spent a little more than 3 trillion yuans on R&D in 2022, 10.1% increase YOY. The expenditure was 2.54% of the GDP of 2022 while in 2021 it was 2.43% of the GDP.
Expenditure on fundamental research is 202 billion yuans, 11.4% increase YOY. This amounts to 6.57% of the total R&D expense while in 2021 it was 6.50%.
The business sectors contributed the lion's share of the total R&D expenditure in 2022, about 2.39 trillion yuans and 11.4% increase YOY.
Business in the high-tech manufacturing spent 650 billion yuans on R&D. This amounts to 2.91% of their total revenue. In 2021, it was 2.71%. There are 7 segments that spent more than 100 billion yuans on R&D in 2022 while there were 5 in 2021. The top 3 are ICT (409 billions), electricity equipment manufacturing (209), auto (165).
The more economically developed regions in eastern China, with the exception of Beijing, lead in expenditure on R&D. 12 provincial regions spent more than 100 billion yuans on R&D in 2022. The top 5 are Guandong (441 billions), Jiangshu (384), Beijing (284), Zhejiang (241), Shandong (218). Beijing has the highest ration of R&D by GDP of 6.83%, followed by Shanghai (4.44%) and Tianjing (3.49%).
2022年,全国共投入研究与试验发展(R&D)经费30782.9亿元,比上年增加2826.6亿元,增长10.1%;研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入强度(与国内生产总值之比)为2.54%,比上年提高0.11个百分点。按研究与试验发展(R&D)人员全时工作量计算的人均经费为48.4万元,比上年下降0.5万元。
分活动类型看,全国基础研究经费2023.5亿元,比上年增长11.4%;应用研究经费3482.5亿元,增长10.7%;试验发展经费25276.9亿元,增长9.9%。基础研究经费所占比重为6.57%,比上年提升0.07个百分点;应用研究和试验发展经费所占比重分别为11.3%和82.1%。
分活动主体看,各类企业研究与试验发展(R&D)经费23878.6亿元,比上年增长11.0%;政府属研究机构经费3814.4亿元,增长2.6%;高等学校经费2412.4亿元,增长10.6%;其他主体经费677.5亿元,增长22.3%。企业、政府属研究机构、高等学校经费所占比重分别为77.6%、12.4%和7.8%。
分产业部门看,高技术制造业研究与试验发展(R&D)经费6507.7亿元,投入强度(与营业收入之比)为2.91%,比上年提高0.20个百分点。在规模以上工业企业中,研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入超过千亿元的行业大类有7个,比上年增加2个,这7个行业的经费占全部规模以上工业企业研究与试验发展(R&D)经费的比重为63.2%(详见附表1)。
分地区看,研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入超过千亿元的省(市)有12个,分别为广东(4411.9亿元)、江苏(3835.4亿元)、北京(2843.3亿元)、浙江(2416.8亿元)、山东(2180.4亿元)、上海(1981.6亿元)、湖北(1254.7亿元)、四川(1215亿元)、湖南(1175.3亿元)、安徽(1152.5亿元)、河南(1143.3亿元)和福建(1082.1亿元)。研究与试验发展(R&D)经费投入强度(与地区生产总值之比)超过全国平均水平的省(市)有7个,依次为北京(6.83%)、上海(4.44%)、天津(3.49%)、广东(3.42%)、江苏(3.12%)、浙江(3.11%)和安徽(2.56%)(详见附表2)。