News on China's scientific and technological development.

sunnymaxi

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Chinese scientists are the first to discover a new high-temperature superconducting system in the world! The team of Professor Wang Meng from Sun Yat-sen University discovered the nickel oxide superconductor in the liquid nitrogen temperature region for the first time. This is the second unconventional superconducting material in the liquid nitrogen temperature region discovered by humans. Materials become possible and realize wider and larger-scale industrial applications..
 

luminary

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South China Morning Post

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patients can now choose to preserve their ovarian tissue as a means to regain their reproductive ability after their recovery, with a university in Hong Kong providing the service for the first time in the city.

“Before the patients undergo any kind of chemotherapy or treatment that can affect their reproductive ability, we can carry out surgery to extract ovarian tissue for preservation,” she said.

“If in the future, they wish to have children after their recovery, we can carry out another operation to transplant the tissue on the ovary surface so that they can reproduce again.”

Chung’s team had been assessing the feasibility of implementing ovarian tissue cryopreservation in Hong Kong since 2019.

The researchers collected and froze 52 ovarian tissue samples from 12 patients, aged 29 to 41, which were later transplanted into 34 mice. It was found that most of the tissue remained viable after transplant.

The research findings were published in the Hong Kong Medical Journal in February.
 
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Deleted member 24525

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Is it ever possible to get superconducting at 300K?
Unclear. Nothing in physics explicitly forbids it so researchers hope a superconductor at those temperatures may be found some day. Such a material would instantly trivialize the issue of battery energy density by allowing for superconducting inductor circuits to be deployed in everyday conditions. Liquid fuels would immediately be obsolete everywhere except long-haul aviation. It would also make building tokamoks vastly easier among other things.
 

gelgoog

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Everything that you can think of with an electromagnet would become cheaper. MRI machines and tokamaks are examples. But it could also end up in electric ship propulsion and other things which use electric engines.

It seems it is easier to attain superconductivity at lower temperatures and higher pressures. But the mechanism is poorly understood so it is not like we know it to be impossible to attain room temperature superconductivity. Far from it.
 

SanWenYu

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Another progress by China in new energy ICEs. China fired up the world's first NH3/H2 mixed fuel heavy engine on June 28. When this engine starts cold, hydrogen in fuel (only 20% by weight) is ignited first to burn NH3.

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国内首台氨氢融合直喷零碳内燃机成功点火​

6月28日,由一汽解放和佛山仙湖实验室李骏院士工作站联合举办的“氨氢融合 创领未来”一汽解放氨氢融合直喷零碳内燃机点火仪式在长春和苏州以连线形式两地同步举行,此次成功点火的氨氢融合直喷零碳内燃机是由佛山仙湖实验室李骏院士工作站主导开发,是国内首台氨氢融合直喷零碳重型商用卡车内燃机。

氨氢融合直喷零碳内燃机点火成功,不仅是一汽解放和佛山仙湖实验室李骏院士工作站在科研创新领域上的一个里程碑节点,更是中国商用车在实现碳中和技术领域上实现了重大技术突破,同时也代表着我国在新能源内燃机的研发已走在世界前列。打造零碳动力产品,仙湖实验室将继续砥砺前行,引领氨氢未来。

按下启动点火开关的那一刻,顿时引擎轰鸣,运转稳定,指标正常。氨氢融合直喷零碳重型商用内燃机全球首发点火成功!冷启动开始时,氢质量占比仅为20%左右。

中国工程院院士李骏表示,交通运输碳中和的内涵是实现“从油井到油箱,从油箱到车轮”的全过程“净零碳”,因此,探索我国实现汽车运输装备碳中和的能源革命、燃料革命和动力革命之路意义重大,基于氢氨融合零碳动力的商用车碳中和技术是具有前瞻性和创新性的技术发展方向。

氨氢融合直喷内燃机的成功点火标志着李骏院士工作站在发动机整机设计技术、发动机燃烧构型、发动机燃料喷射和供给系统及后处理系统等多方面取得了实质性的突破和创新。

仙湖实验室相关负责人介绍,为了满足氨氢融合发动机点火和开发的实验需求,需要搭建新实验台架,这个台架除了要满足商用卡车发动机对转速、扭矩、燃烧、油耗等测量要求和对进气、冷却、通风等控制条件要求外,还要求实验室既涉氢又涉氨,能提供需求压力、温度、流量和状态要求的氨和氢,并实现准确计量,需要满足氢,氨发动机试验室防爆要求,安全要求,环保要求。为了应对氢、氨可能泄漏带来的安全风险,整个实验室的安全管理非常重要。

氨氢融合直喷零碳内燃机技术成果彰显了李骏院士工作站科学合理的“研发模式创新”新思维,实现“以氨载氢、以氢促氨、氨氢融合、零碳安全、节能高效”的新理念。院士工作站在研发过程中开展与OEM主机厂的合作、与国家基金委项目团队的联合、与衡阳关键零部件企业联手形成了产学研创新联合体,充分发挥各自的优势,实现了重大基础创新与工程应用融合及产业挂钩。

佛山仙湖实验室李骏院士工作站结合国家自然科学基金委“重型车辆氨氢融合零碳动力系统基础研究”专项,与一汽解放公司合作,推动国内首台氨氢融合重型商用车内燃机点火,这意味着我国在液氨内燃机设计、研制、燃烧系统构建,特别是电控高压共轨氨燃料供给系统核心关键部件卡脖子难题突破等重大技术创新方面迈出了重要一步。

氨与氢已成为国际能源战略的核心,形成了以“氨-氢”两条主线协同的零碳循环经济体。氨作为氢的载体有效解决了氢在产业规模应用过程中所面临的两大挑战:低成本高效能的燃料电池技术、安全高效的氢气储运技术。

采用氨氢融合技术即解决了氨燃烧难题也缓解了氢燃烧问题。由此创新构建了氨氢融合燃烧构型,即氢氨混合气预燃室直喷、利用氢燃烧产生的分布式高温射流火焰引燃主燃室内的氨,从而实现了缸内氨燃料的稳定和高效燃烧。

李骏介绍,氨氢融合零碳直喷内燃机的成功使我国传统柴油机上下游产业链在碳中和时代重新获得新生,只需变化九个关键零部件或系统,其他大部分系统和零部件都可以借用原来柴油机或天然气发动机已有部分。九个零部件或系统包括:ECU电控系统、增压器、氨喷射系统、氨氢喷射系统、气缸盖、活塞、凸轮、氨裂解重整系统、后处理系统。

在基于现有产业链基础上又催生拓延了新的零部件产业,激发了现有内燃机产业的重新调整和布局。仙湖实验室李骏院士工作站已对上述关键系统及部件进行了系统性的技术成果转化研究,制定了产业化布局方案,一部分采取与现有供应商的合作开发与生产,一部分自主工程化开发与生产,由佛山市政府牵头主导技术成果转化,顺利完成相应核心关键部件的产业化落地。

李骏表示,如果氨能够实现存在传统内燃机缸内正常燃烧,则会改变现有的车辆动力格局,将继续拉动传统内燃机上下游原有产业链的发展并继承现有成熟完善的配套资源,这将是我国以及世界在实现运输车辆碳中和目标里程碑式的技术创新与突破,也是世界汽车行业发展史上一项创举。

通过对氨内燃机在交通运输商用车辆上的应用仿真与TCO经济分析,得出结论:与所有动力构型包括氢燃料电池动力相比,其全生命周期成本在行业发展的各个阶段都具有绝对的经济优势,甚至超过现有传统柴油车辆的使用经济指标。在续驶里程方面,以长途重载牵引车为例,纯电只能达到500公里,氢燃料电池能够达到800公里,而氨内燃机能够达到1500公里左右,完全满足长途道路运输的要求。
 

gpt

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Tsinghua team's paper on Retentive Network (RetNet), a new architecture for large language models (LLMs) that allows for efficient training, low-cost processing, and good performance by combining parallel, recurrent, and chunkwise recurrent computation methods. It improves decoding speed and memory usage during inference while maintaining high accuracy, making it a promising alternative to the Transformer model.
 

sunnymaxi

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China granted 433,000 invention patents, 1.1 million utility model patents, and 344,000 design patents in the first half, according to the National Intellectual Property Administration. The country had more than 4.56 million valid patents for invention as the end of June, up 16.9% from a year earlier..

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