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VW isn't a software company. That is the problem. Any car company will lack the proper mindset to go about it.
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That is emblematic to the problems I talked about established companies's struggle during market transitions. It is about mindset, leadership and culture.
GM has been making billions from SAIC-GM venture for years. In fact, during 2008 government bailout, it was Shanghai GM that was the primary factor with which the federal government assessed GM viability. Given its own first-hand local market intelligence with tier-one local partner, GM has yet found its way toward EV. F-150 is cash cow for Ford while similar trucks and SUVs are cash cows for GM. There has never been enough organic motivation for them to go all-in on NEV until it is already too late for them to catch up.
Back to German auto makers. Similar business stories evolve in established ICE companies with entrenched local interests. "Check from China" has been so sweet for VW and BBA each year that incumbents just need to sit there and enjoy. Gatekeepers and decision makers are not the types that made Tesla what it is today nor are they types that made Chinese NEV makers what they are today. I have seen this movies in my industry a few times over past decades.
Those who are not in the field of industrial-grade ICT integration with NEVs are not really the types that can help catch up with Tesla or HIMA or even new-kids-on-the-block like Nio, Li Auto or Xpeng. Cutting-edge NEVs in China today are really software-defined consumer-owned automobiles. Blue-screen-crash like we got used to in PCs here are absolutely disasters in China consumer markets. Let me tell you a joke to end my comments here: during 10 years of driving my Audi A6 3.0T Quattro (C6), its bluetooth handsfree connection between my mobile phone and its infotainment system never worked as seamlessly as expected; and when I was looking for its proprietary USB cable for my phone, I was told by the dealer that it would cost a few hundred bucks.
The only successful NEV company outside China is Tesla, which is really a half-Shanghainese company ...