Reposted from someone on PDF
Modern China had two great teachers to make it what it is today.
The USSR taught China how to form a state. It taught China how to use revolutionary ideals to reform a country and how to form a powerful modern state capable of defending its independence. From 1949 to 1978, China was a student in the Soviet school.
The US taught China how to become rich. The US taught China the ways of capitalism, modern finance, business management and corporate practices. This is where modern China gets her enormous vibrancy. From 1979 to 2012, China was a student in the American school.
It is only because China took the best out of each of the most powerful superpowers in the past century that it has enormous strength and energy today.
Of course, PDF....
1949-
1978? China no longer was a student of 'Soviet school' since the Sino-Soviet Split in 1960s. Also, PRC built upon the pillars of a modern republic established by Sun Yat Sen, PRC only borrow Soviet's Marxist-Leninist ideas, but the bedrock of a modern republic was laid down decades as early as 1912, way before 1949. Sure, Soviet provided aid in industrialization, but the foundation of a modern state was created during Minguo era. Even Minguo borrowed heavy influence from Japan/Europe, not Soviet.
No, China did not learn from US to become rich. China actually copied the export-oriented economy pioneered by Japan and strong protectionism, and later copied successfully by Four Asian Tigers (South Korea, Taiwan, Hong Kong, Singapore). China learned from Japanese export-oriented industrialization and it's protectionism. It was also highly fueled by FDI coming from overseas Chinese (HK, Taiwan) too. China copied the Zaibatsu/Chaebol strategy of cultivating domestic titans with strong protectionism from Korea/Japan.