The Battle of Hoengsong was one of the most devastating defeats U.N forces had been dealt during the Korean War.
In early February, with the Chinese offensive stalled, U.N. commanders prepared a counter assault across the center of the Korean peninsula. This time, however, Republic of Korea (ROK) troops were to do the bulk of the fighting -- with elements of various U.S. infantry, artillery and other units supporting them. The notion of Americans supporting ROK troops was very much an experiment -- one U.S. military leaders later regretted.
What U.N. commanders didn't know was that Communist forces also were launching a major offensive and had moved four Chinese and two North Korean divisions into the area north of the village of Hoengsong. On Feb. 11, ROKs tangled with Chinese Communist forces, quickly disintegrating the planned South Korean offensive. American GIs encamped for the night, relying on ROK infantry for protection. When the Chinese attacked in the dark, the South Koreans fled. The Chinese decimated U.S positions in a brutal massacre.
Here are some American veteran's descriptions of the horror at Hoengsong:
"After we were released we started walking that night and got away from that village, which wasn't too far from where we had been captured. It was another moonlight night. As we walked on the road, we came upon a bunch of dead bodies that were frozen stiff. Hundreds of them. Untold hundreds of them laying there. We didn't know that they had been killed in a massacre, but when we saw all those bodies we knew that something terrible had happened to them. It's only recently that I have begun to find something out about it. I never thought I would ever find out. Why does our government try to cover up certain things? They covered up the Hoengsong Valley Massacre. I was there. I saw the dead bodies." -- (William Dewey Freeman)
"On March 7, W/2/7 was advancing along with the rest of the 2nd Battalion of the 7th Marines to new positions in East Central Korea near the little village of Hoengsong. We had been on the move for two or three hours on foot when we spotted some American bodies along the road out in a rice paddy. Then we saw another and another, some closer to the road. As we walked on, more bodies showed up. We had no warning. Then on the road we came upon a military truck with Army markings. Checking further, we saw four frozen bodies in the truck--all American soldiers, then more trucks and tanks. We started seeing bodies all over by the hundreds. Some of them were burned and naked. For every ten American bodies we saw there was one Chinese body. Government records show that about 700 Army personnel were killed and maybe executed in this narrow valley. Army records show that 2,018 American and Dutch were killed there February 11-13, 1951. One hundred of the victims were Dutch. Also lost in this valley were fourteen 105mm Howitzers, six 155mm Howitzers, six tanks and 280 vehicles of various types. It is believed that the Chinese forces used some of this captured equipment against us soon thereafter.
A write-up of this action was written by Gary Turbak and published in the VFW Magazine in February 2001. He wrote: "The grisly scene, horrible almost beyond belief, shocked even the toughest men of the 7th Marine Regiment. Some averted their eyes. Others broke off their macho banter to talk in hushed church-like tones." -- (Dale Erickson)
Hongseong, UN soldiers corpses scattered in the waterway.