When I first started following PLAAF in 2004, J-10 was all the rage. It was my favorite aircraft. It was said they legendarily comprehensively defeated both Su-27 and Su-30MKK in training. When I mentioned this in other defence forums, nobody could believe it. We were all waiting for real photos of J-10s to come out. As time went on, its production level kept ramping up or slowing down depending on Russian engine supplies. They never seemed to have produced as many J-10s as they could have. When J-11B came out, it was said that J-10s finally lost its place as the best A2A fighter jet within PLAAF. Then we waited for a couple of more years before J-10B came out and the 10 series started to win out again. Even now, I'd think J-10C is probably as good in air defense as J-16s. Unfortunately, J-20 is now available. It is quite clearly a lot better than J-10C for that air superiority/interception role. J-10C also can't compete with J-16's size for the multi-role attacking aircraft or be used as an EW aircraft. As such, it has now been relegated to Guizhou for production.
Recently, I did a rough count of the number of J-10s in active service based on huitong's page and scramble orbat. I estimate about 320 J-10A/S + close to 250 J-10B/Cs. I think they were probably at close to 290 J-10A/S when J-10B production started, but added another 30 or so J-10S for the B/C regiment. With where it is right now, I think we might see another 50 to 100 J-10Cs getting produced by Guizhou before shifting to all export orders or shutting down. This really reminds me of 2006 to 2007 when they were producing the last batch of J-7Gs at CAC. That's quite sad for me since I've always exported its production run to reach close to 1000. As things stand, domestic flankers will probably end up with a larger production run than J-10 series due to its more superior multi-role potential.
I do wonder what is the future of this program. For USAF, they still have over 800 F-16s in service even though the last of Block 50/52s joined service in 2005. LockMart is still producing F-16Vs for the export market even now. It would make sense for PLAAF to keep the older J-10s in service as long as they are still serviceable. I don't see the point in a J-10D program unless it is aimed for the export market. I think they need to have a upgrade program so that J-10As can be fitted with AESA radars and fire the latest AAMs. That would really improve their combat ability. I don't know what kind of work would be needed to re-engine them with WS-10B. This should be done on all the J-10s that have a lot of service life still. They should also upgrade all the J-10Bs to J-10C level of avionics too. Beyond that, I do wonder about the future export potential for J-10s. Most of their traditional clients are more than happy with the capabilities offered by JF-17 Block 3. J-10C is probably not going to attract too many orders from air forces that already picked Eurocanard or later variants of F-15/16s. So it seems to me that only countries like Iran would be interested in J-10s. JF-17 production will probably go on for a lot longer than J-10. Another big surprise.
As it turned out, J-10 has been a great stepping stone for China and CAC. Without all the experience and talent from J-10 development, CAC would not have been able to churn out J-20 so quickly. The upgrade in avionics and incorporation of DSI intake from J-10A to J-10B gave CAC the experience to eventually implement an even better version of J-20. It's truly a credit to CAC that they have been able to move on from J-10s after less than 20 years of production, but also a little sad for the fans of the program.