More than anything, Vietnam was a lesson in force conservation. Overconfident attacks caused unsustainable losses which caused defeat.I guess here is a perfect case study in why and how America managed to get so little mileage out of its military dominance since its people refuse to face up to reality as that will damage their pride too much. So they end up never learning the core lesson Vietnam should have encoded in the very DNA of its military leaders and people.
Vietnam is THE perfect case study in how you can win every battle but still loose the war.
Wars are waged for a reason, that purpose, that central objective you go to war to achieve is how the outcome is determined by. Not how many battles you win or what K/D ratio you achieve. Granted, normally the two go hand-in-hand, but not always. Even game designers grasp that logic, and you can loose the match even if you have the highest K/D ratio in the game if you don’t play the objectives and simply farm for kills and hide away to avoid deaths.
Vietnam wasn’t even close to being the first example. If you want a more palatable example, look back in your own history and the American war of Independence.What was the K/D ratio and W/L ratio of major battles? Did the American colonists really break the back of the mighty British Army, or did you just managed to make the fight more costly than it was worth for them to continue?
Refusing to accept the reality that winning battles alone don’t win wars is why America got so bogged down in its ME misadventures.
Military might is only a means to an end, not the end in itself. Just look at Gaza. The Israelis have gone further than basically anyone else in modern history and the Palestinians are still standing and saying they can go all day. The only ‘military’ solution to that ‘problem’ is to go full Hitler/Genghis Khan and literally leave no one left alive to stand up to you.
Were US to not directly lift even a finger against viet (and laotian) civilians and instead focus all airpower and artillery on the front, the war may have well gone differently, as it would have been the NVA that would have to justify a continued draft in the face of a mostly unharmed civilian population.
It seemed that US was so focused on punishing Vietnamese civilians that they didn't think through properly if they had enough hard power to punish them to begin with.
Even if US may have started off with mild or moderate advantages, those advantages were offset by breaking a cardinal rule of war: "know yourself and know the enemy".
This is all kinda off topic except the last part I guess. The armies in the middle east that can fight carefully according to those principles will have a great advantage, as the region is filled with all sorts of non serious actors.