Well national identity construction (basically a story telling myth) usually involve a combination of improvements in material wellbeing, military victories against perceived enemies, and a self identity that is deemed both unique by the majority of the nation and worth passing down to the next generation. For HK, the dilemma is that the city really improved remarkably in terms of material wellbeing under British rule. So for HKers’ memories, wealth equals being second class citizens in the British Empire, so no wonder they cry for the Queen. Yet, HK’s experience during WWII (massacre committed by the Japanese), along with refugees escaping the PLA during the Chinese Civil War, also makes most HKers self-identity as culturally Chinese (not British due to their status as colonial subjects as opposed to British citizens), but only somewhat related to the Republic of China as opposed to the newly established PRC in 1949. And of course, HK’s economic growth stood in contrast to the PRC’s failed Great Leap Forward and Cultural Revolution. During much of the 1980s and 1990s, HK was far more developed and took a leadership in China’s overall economic reform. One can argue that for much of the recent history, there is little reason for HKers to identify with and be proud of the PRC. If there were a China for HKers to identify with, it would be the KMT-led ROC (ultimately held out against Japan, albeit in a pyrrhic victory, unlike the Brits who were defeated by the IJA in the battle of HK) To recap, HK gained its wealth under British rule during the Cold War despite NOT being equal to British citizens. And much of the HK population were made of folks who did not benefit from the early years of the PRC, if not outright victims. So HK’s Chinese identity has been quite a dilemma for Beijing. In another words, it is difficult to come up with a story to persuade HKers that the PRC (CCP-led party state) is their righteous overlord, unless Beijing could somehow allow HKers to accumulate even more wealth and opportunities (much more than what the Brits brought to HK) by trading with Mainland. The Shenzhen shopping phenomenon is a positive sign for stability and willingness of HKers to engage with Mainlanders in a pragmatic way, but much more needed to happen in order to address HKers’ identity crisis. Also, with the whole U.S.-led geo-economic containment of the PRC, it is hard to HK to gain additional wealth (and for average HK folks to feel a surge of opportunities) by a huge margin.